HADEJIA.....

HADEJIA A YAU!

                     MASARAUTAR HADEJIA………

1. Takaitaccen Tarihin Masarautar Hadejia .

Masarautar Hadejia dadaddiyar  masarauta ce wadda ta kafu shekaru da dama da suka gabata, daga lokacin kafuwarta kawo yanzu masarautar tayi fice da kuma yin suna bisa ga muhimman tarihi da take dashi. sannan tana daga cikin masarautun da sarakunan Habe suka mulka kafin Jihadin Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo, kuma tana daya daga cikin masarautun da suke KarKashin Daular Usmaniyya. Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da Tsohuwar Daular Borno da Gorgaram, daga yamma tayi iyaka da Masarautar Kano, daga Kudu kuma ta yi iyaka da Masarautar Katagum sannan daga Arewa ta yi iyaka da Masarautar Gumel. Birnin masarautar yana cikin garin Hadejia dake Arewa maso gabashin Jigawa a Arewacin Nigeria, sunan garin ya samo asalinsa daga wani Maharbi wadda shine ya kafa garin, wannan maharbi ana Kiransa da suna HADE, yana da matarsa da ake Kiranta da suna JIYA, Sunayen wadannan mutane shi aka hada ya zama Hadejia . A wancan lokacin mutanen wasu garuruwa in zasu zo sukan ce mun tafi garin Haden jiya, wato ana masa Lakabi da sunan Matarsa. Saboda taKaita kalma ta Hausawa shine yasa aka hade sunan ya zama Hadejia . A wani littafi da Marigayi Tafidan Hadejia Abdu Maigari ya rubuta ya bayyana cewa ‘‘Shi wannan mutumin da ya kafa Hadejia wato Hade ya taho ne daga yankin Machina a yawon farauta da yake har ya iso wannan yanki, kuma da ya shigo sai yaga Daji mai Ni’ima da tsuntsaye da namun daji ta ko ina, kuma ga kogi ya fito daga yamma ya gangara zuwa gabas Sannan ga ‘ya’yan itatuwa kala kala. Da ganin haka sai ya kewaye dajin sosai don ya samu inda ya dace ya zauna, sai ya samu wuri ya kafa Gadonsa irin na maharba yaci gaba da farautar Namun daji da tarkon tsuntsaye’’. Bayan kwanaki wannan maharbi yana zaune a wannan wuri sai yayi shawarar ya koma ya Dauko matarsa don suci gaba da zama a wannan wuri. A lokacinda yayi niyyar komawa sai ya debi abinda zai iya diba na naman da yayi farautarsa ya dawo garinsu ya Dauki matarsa ya koma wannan dajin da yanzu ake kira da suna Hadejia , sai ya kafa bukkarsa a kan jigawa kuma yaci gaba da farautarsa a wannan wuri har mazauna karkara dake kusa da wurin suka san da zamansa suke zuwa sayen nama da sauran dabbobin daji. Ana haka ne jama’a suka rinKa zuwa suna kafa bukkokinsu wasu masunta wasu kuma mafarauta da masu kamun tsuntsaye har gari ya zama gari ake Kiransa Garun Haden Jiya, sannan akayi shugabanci, zuwa wani dogon lokaci aka takaita Kalmar ta zama Hadejia . Ance a lokacinda ya zauna a bangaren Arewa akwai wani gari da ake Kira Hadegwaigwai inda yanzu Rubban Dakata take, sannan a bangaren gabas akwai gari da ake kira Kulunfarda inda ada can yake kan hanyar Tandanu. A yamma kuma akwai garin Kadime sannan a Arewa akwai garin da ake Kira Majeri, a bangaren kudu kuma akwai garin Tunawa wadda yanzu ake Kira Auyakayi. Sannan akwai Kudiginda HadebaKo wadda a lokacin take kusa da Kafur, sannan akwai Urki wadda yanzu ake Kira Unik sannan akwai Majawa, da kuma manyan garuruwa irinsu Auyo, Garungabas, Kazura, Dawa da Fagi.

A wancan lokacin ance Hadejia tana Karkashin Daular Auyo ne amma wasu sunce a’a tana KarKashin Ikon Garungabas ne tunda daga can ne ake nada Sarki ake kawoshi Hadejia, masu wannan da’awa sun bada labari kamar haka…  ‘A zamanin Sarkin Kano Yakubu Dan Abdullahi Barja wadda yayi sarautar kano a cikin shekarar (1452-1463), Algalfati Dan sarkin Machina yaje kano tare da ‘yan-uwansa guda uku inda sarkin kanon ya bashi sarautar Gaya, dan-uwansa na farko kuma yaje Rano sarkin Rano ya bashi sarautar Dal, na biyun kuma yaje Zazzau Sarkin Zazzau ya bashi sarautar Gayan, na ukun yazo Biram Garungabas inda Sarkin Gabas ya bashi sarautar Hadejia . Zuriyarsa ne sukayi mulkin Hadejia har tsawon lokacinda Sarkin Borno Mai Ali Ghaji ya tura Dansa Mai Idris Aloma ya yaki kano, sai ya biyo ta Hadejia ya yake ta ya cinyeta da yaki da sauran Kasashen dake yammacin Borno, sai ya danka ikon Hadejia da Garungabas da Dawa da Fagi a hannun Galadiman Borno, kuma shi Galadiman Borno sai ya barsu a rarrabe kamar yadda suke tun farko. Sashen Auyo ya barshi a hannun sarkin Auyo, Hadejia ya barta a hannun sarkin Hadejia , Garungabas ya barta a hannun sarkin Gabas, sannan Dawa da Gatare da sauran duk sai ya barsu a hannun fadawansa, amma duk a wurinsa suke karbar umarni kuma shi ake kaiwa Albarkar Kasa har zuwa tsawon lokaci’.  Koda yake ba’a samu rubutaccen tarihi game da sarakunan Habe da suka mulki Kasar Hadejia ba, ance anyi sarakuna guda Talatin da biyu (32), kafin mulkin Fulani. Masarautar Hadejia tana da fadin Kasa wadda ta kai Murabba’in kilo mita dubu shida da Dari tara da sittin da uku (6963), wannan yanki yana da shimfidaddiyar Kasa mai kyau wadda ake kwatanta yanayinta da na Kasar Chadi, kuma tana da Jigayi masu tarin yashi da kuma kwari mai tabo da laka amma bata da tsaunuka ko Duwatsu. Kasar Hadejia tana da Kogi wadda ya kasance akwai ruwa kowane lokaci, sannan tana da fadamu masu yawa wadanda suke Kafewa lokaci zuwa lokaci. Kogin Kasar Hadejia ya taso ne daga Kudancin Katsina ta Arewa da Zaria sannan ya nufi Arewa maso gabas ya shigo ta Kasar Kano ya ratsa Kasar Hadejia, sannan ya nufi Tafkin Chadi. Wannan Kogi ya ratsa ne ta Kudancin Hadejia da Gabashinta, wannan bangare ne da yake samarda ruwan sha da kamun kifi da kuma aiwatar da Noman rani. A lokacin damina kogin yakan cika inda yake samarda Kananan fadamu a sassa daban daban wadda ake amfani dasu a wajen noman lambu. A bangaren Noma Masarautar Hadejia tana gabatarda noma a lokuta biyu wato Rani da Damina, inda masana yanayin Kasa suka tabbatar cewa duk abinda aka shuka a wannan Kasar zai fito yayi kyau da iznin Allah saboda yanayin kyawun Kasar.

GUDUNMAWAR DA MASARAUTAR Hadejia TA BAYAR GA DAULAR USMANIYYA….

Masarautar Hadejia kamar sauran Masarautu ta bada gudunmawa sosai wajen tabbatar da kafuwar Daular Usmaniyya, domin tana daga cikin masarautun da suke iyaka da Daular Barno. Masarautar Hadejia ta nuna goyon bayanta ga Jihadin Shehu Usman Danfodiyo a zamanin Sarkin Fulanin Hadejia Umaru. Sarkin Fulani Umaru yana nan yana sarautar fulani sai suka samu labarin jihadin Shehu Usman Danfodiyo , Bayan yaji labarin jihadin shehu sai ya tara jama’ar Fulani sukayi shawara da suje suyi Mubaya'a da Da'awar Shehu,  anan wasu manyan Fulani suka ki yarda da hakan, ciki harda Kawunsa mai suna Jinagana. Sai sarkin Fulani Umaru ya tura mutanensa Karkashin jagorancin Dan uwansa Malam Sambo, sukaje suka miKa mubaya'arsu ga Shehu da kuma nuna goyon baya ga da'awarsa ta jaddada Addinin musulunci. Shehu yayi maraba da zuwansu kuma ya baiwa Sambo Tuta kuma yayi musu umarnin shiryar da sauran yankunan nan biyar na Kasar Hadejia . Sannan yacewa Laraima ya kula da yankin Gabashin Hadejia inda Marma da Fagi da Dawa suke yaje yayi kokarin shiryar dasu kan tabarkin Addinin musulunci. Amma bai bashi Tuta ba, sai sukayi bankwana da Shehu suka dawo Hadejia suka isarda sakon Shehu ga Sarkin Fulani Umaru suka sanar dashi kyautar da Shehu ya yiwa Laraima, sai aka hada Laraima da mutane suka tafi yankinda Shehu yace yaje ya shiryar dasu wato Marma da Fagi da Dawa. Laraima sai ya zauna a Marma saida suka shiryar da duk mutanen wannan yankin, kuma ‘ya’yansa ne sukaci gaba da shugabancin wannan yanki na gabas har zuwa lokacinda Sarkin Hadejia Buhari ya hade Kasar da tasa, wadda a baya MaDaci ce iyakar Hadejia daga gabas. Wannan yana nuna mana cewa masarautar Hadejia ta bada gudunmawa game da tabbatar Daular Usmaniyya, domin tana iyaka da Daula mai Karfin gaskekuma dadaddiyar wato Daular Kanem Borno.

A zamanin Sarkin Hadejia Sambo masarautar ta bada gudunmawa sosai wajen tabbatar da Umarnin Shehu na Jaddada Addinin Musulunci, bayan rasuwar Dan uwansa Sarkin Fulani Umaru an nada Dan wansa wato Mamman Kankiya, wadda shima ya rasu cikin watanni takwas. A lokacin da Sarkin Hadejia Sambo yayi shekara yana sarautar Hadejia sai yayi niyya ya tafi wurin Shehu, da zuwansa Shehu yayi murna kuma yayi godiya ga irin KoKarin da Sambo yake a Kasar Hadejia . Bayan Sambo yayi kwanaki a wurin Shehu ya gama abinda zaiyi sai yayi sallama da Shehu yayi shirin dawowa gida, Shehu ya Kara yin godiya ga Sambo kuma ya baiwa Sambo ikon duk wani Bafulatani wadda yake da Jar Saniya (Aborawa) tun daga bakin Dajin Rubu har zuwa iyakar Kasar Barno. Daga nan sai sambo yayi godiya sukayi bankwana ya dawo Hadejia tare da mabiyansa. Wannan kyauta da Shehu ya masa ta Ikon duk Fulani masu jar Saniya (Aborawa) tasa Sambo yawan Dawainiya domin nemawa wadannan Fulani matsuguni, kuma har zuwa wannan lokaci duk Bafilatanin da ka ganshi da Jar Saniya idan ka tambayeshi zakaji Asalinsa daga Kasar Hadejia yake.  

Sarkin Hadejia Sambo ya sake faɗaɗa Kasar Hadejia daga Gabas har saida ya mamaye galibin Kasashen da Galadiman Barno yake iko dasu suka dawo KarKashin ikon Hadejia , amma banda Dawa da Fagi domin Shehu ya bada su ga Laraima. Daga yamma har saida ya kai Kaugama da Sharkawa, da Majeri a yamma ta Arewa. Daga Gabas maso kudu saida yakai har Damaturu inda ya YaKi garin, sannan daga Gabas kuma ya tsaida iyakarsa a Madachi. A bangaren Arewa kuwa galibin garuruwan sun bishi ba tare da wata jayayya ba saida ya mamaye Garungabas da Kazura da Gatare har zuwa iyakar Machina da Damagaram.

Saboda irin gudunmawa da Masarautar Hadejia ta bayar ga Daular Usmaniyya, an taba baiwa Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu Sarautar Sarkin YaKin Sarkin Musulmi.

HADEJIA EMIRATE NATIVES TRIBE. BY O. TEMPLE.

HADEJIA A YAU!

HADEJIA EMIRATE

AUTHORITY : Mr. A. Campbell-Irons.

The Emirate of Hadejia contains an area of 2,768 square miles, and is divided into six districts. It is situated to the north-east of Katagum, in the Northern Division. It is a disputed point whether in the tenth century Hadejia or Biram formed one of the seven Hausa States. In the Kano Chronicle there is a mention that the son of the Sarkin Machina Algalfati came to Kano in the reign of Yakubu Bin Abdullahi (1452-63) and was made Chief over Hadejia, with the title of Sarkin Gabbas.

It became a Fulani Emirate in the time of the Jihad, Sambo receiving a flag from Othman Dan Fodio. His elder son Buhari made himself King in defiance of the Sarkin Musulmi's edict in favour of his younger brother; and, obtaining the support of the Sarkin Bornu, defeated all opponents. His reign was one long succession of wars and he was finally killed in battle at Gorguram about 1863.

Hadejia sent in submission to the British in 1903. In 1904 the British occupied the country, but the eights Chief opposed their advent and was overthrown and killed in 1906, and Haruna appointed in his place. He died in 1909, and was succeeded by the Chiroma Abdul Kadri. In that same year the Beiyut-el-Mal was started.

The population number some 115,448, and consists of Kanuri, Fulani, Auyokawa, Maguzawa from Kano, Koyamawa, Beddawa, Ngizimawa, Mangawa. There is a town of historic interest in Hadeija named Garin Gabbas, but which in old times bore the name of Biram, which was originally of great influence. It was founded by Arabs from Bagadaza or Baghdad. One Muktari, or Abayajidd, (Abu-yazid) with his younger brother Biram, migrated west until they reached Birnin Bornu (Kukawa), where the Shehu gave Muktari a town and his daughter in marriage. Muktari was presently compelled to flee, but left his wife on the road, where she gave birth to Biram, who founded Garin Gabbas, Muktari continuing his journey as far as Daura, where he slew the celebrated serpent and married the Queen. Another version of the legend is that it was Biram, the younger brother, who founded Garin Gabbas. A descendant of this Arab family still reigns as Chief.

Hadejia Tribe……

AUYOKAWA.

Capt. J. M. Fremantle. Mr. K. L. Hall.

The origin of the Auyokawa, Shirawa and Teshenawa is identical. Three men of the above names, variously described as Margi, or as coming from Bagirimi territory, east of the Shari, founded three towns about the year 1211 A.D. The date is, however, disputed. Local tradition supplies the names and approximate length of reign of twenty-five Chiefs, descendants of Awuya, which would bring his advent to the year 1346 A.D., whilst another authority gives 1400 A.D. as the probable date. 

In the reign of Jibrin, 1780-1820 A.D., the Fulani came.......... 

BEDDAWA

Beddawa or Bedde, originating from a town called Badr, east of Bagirimi. 

A large number of Bedde, perhaps as many again, are scattered through the Shehurate under various headmen. There are two Bedde villages in the Emirate of Hadejia, and individuals are scattered in some Ngizim villages, and they have one town- ship in the Katagum Emirate, whence the following notes have been collected.* These Bedde claim to have migrated from Asben and to be of the same stock as those in Bornu, but they have different facial markings, and certain dialectical differences have arisen. On the birth of a child the mother's friends bring her corn, pepper, salt, cow-heels, fish, and the pods of dorowa and kimba trees. Seven days after birth the child is named, if a boy after his father or uncle. He is washed in water stolen from another man's house, so that he may be thus early initiated into the business of robbery, which, together with hunting, was a man's main occupation. When a man wishe to marry he pays the parents of the bride 100,000 cowries if she dislikes him the money is returned. Inter- course is often held without marriage. The houses are built in one piece, and all the family live in the same compound. There are no granaries, for the grain is buried, and may be left without deterioration for several years. They eat quantities of dried fish and honey, and to the former attri- bute the fact that they suffer little blindness, though it is worthy of remark that they are very cleanly in their habits. The flesh of dogs and pigs is consumed, the animals usually having their throats cut, but they will eat cattle that have died a natural death. Native beer is largely drunk. A large cylindrical drum was formerly used in time of war. When it was beaten, men, women and children would remain to fight to the death. The weapons in common use were bows and arrows, swords and spears. Shields were used for...... 

MANGA. (MANGAWA)

AUTHORITY : Mr. P. A. Benton.

Manga is a contraction of the name Madinga, but it has been universally adopted for seventy years. They were probably an indigenous race who were conquered by the Kanuri. Recently they suffered much from Rabeh's invasion, but took advantage of it to drive the Kanuri out from the Alanjurori district (Geidam) where they had themselves been settled since circ. 1650 A.D. ; but in five years time the Kanuri returned. The Manga now intermarry with the Kanuri, but not with the Kanembu. * Also used by dancers of Sarkin Kaiama and Sarkin Borgu. 

They accepted British administration at once, but proved trouble some for a few years. They are under a district-head responsible to the Shehu, They are a tall, heavily framed and vigorous race, who were originally hunters, par excellence, they discovered salt and potash, which they now work, farm, fish, dye, weave and plait grass. The majority of the tribe inhabit large territories north of Lake Chad and of the Yo River, but there are a few in the Emirates of Katagum, Hadejia and Gumel, and some..... 

NGIZIM. (NGIZMAWA)

AUTHORITIES :Capt. J. M. Fremantle. Capt. J. ff. Hopkinson.

The Ngizim are an offshoot of the Bedde, who came from Birnin-Bedr, south-west of Mecca, in the time of the Prophet (see history of Bussa and-Illo). The main body, some 12,000 Ngizim, are settled in Bornu. About the year 1700 A. D., they, were living a few miles west of Birni Gazerogomo when the Fulani raided and captured that town the Ngizim consequently migrated to Kanuri and thence to Potiskum, where they conquered the Keri-Keri. Some remained in the Geidam Division, whence they were driven out by the Shehu Omar some sixty years ago, but returned not long after. A few are settled in the Bedde Independent district., and a small number trekked westwards to Hadejia and Katagum. 

In Bornu they have the reputation of being a drunken, backward people, and pagans. In Potiskum the soil is poor, but farming is the principal occupation, and flocks of sheep and goats are kept. There are a small number of traders, but they will never go eastwards. The following notes are concerning the Hadejia Ngizim, many of whom have adopted the Muhammadan religion, and whose customs have evidently been modified by that civilising influence, though they will still sometimes eat cattle that have not 

TEJANI FULANI (TIJJANAI)

The Tejani Fulani settled in the country lying between the Gambia and Senegal Rivers, north of Futajello, where they intermarried with the Futa jello Filane, who had become wander- ing herdsmen in the districts, and whose language they adopted. An Arab, Fodio, and his heirs became chiefs over them. One of his descendants, Alhajji Umoru, made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and on his return stopped at Fez, and then at Sokoto, where he spent seven years, and where Bello, Sarkin Musulmi, gave him his daughter in marriage. On Bello's death (1837) ne went to a pagan district, Mallawa, and assisted by the three Chiefs of the countries of Futa jello, Futa toro and Futa bundu, waged a jihad. In virtue of a flag he had received from the Sultan of Fez, he was appointed head of the Fulani Empire, composed of the above-mentioned States, and took the title of Sarkin Tejani. His conquests extended in the west from Kayes on the Senegal to Aribinta in the east. He was succeeded on his death by his son, who established sway over Timbuktu. About 1894, however, the French drove him from the country, and he retreated to Sokoto. He was given Zamfara, but died shortly afterwards. His younger brother stopped a while near Messau, but threw in his fortunes with the Sarkin Musulmi in opposition to the British and followed him to Burmi, where he was captured and his followers scattered. Amadu Madaniyo, son of Amadu of Zamfara, was appointed Sarkin Tejani by the British, and has settled at the town of Dakkayawa under the Emir of Hadejia. The French invited him to become chief of the old Tejani Kingdom of Segu, but he declined. He is surrounded by some nineteen families only. A somewhat larger number remain in the......