HADEJIA EMIRATE NATIVES TRIBE. BY O. TEMPLE.

HADEJIA A YAU!

HADEJIA EMIRATE

AUTHORITY : Mr. A. Campbell-Irons.

The Emirate of Hadejia contains an area of 2,768 square miles, and is divided into six districts. It is situated to the north-east of Katagum, in the Northern Division. It is a disputed point whether in the tenth century Hadejia or Biram formed one of the seven Hausa States. In the Kano Chronicle there is a mention that the son of the Sarkin Machina Algalfati came to Kano in the reign of Yakubu Bin Abdullahi (1452-63) and was made Chief over Hadejia, with the title of Sarkin Gabbas.

It became a Fulani Emirate in the time of the Jihad, Sambo receiving a flag from Othman Dan Fodio. His elder son Buhari made himself King in defiance of the Sarkin Musulmi's edict in favour of his younger brother; and, obtaining the support of the Sarkin Bornu, defeated all opponents. His reign was one long succession of wars and he was finally killed in battle at Gorguram about 1863.

Hadejia sent in submission to the British in 1903. In 1904 the British occupied the country, but the eights Chief opposed their advent and was overthrown and killed in 1906, and Haruna appointed in his place. He died in 1909, and was succeeded by the Chiroma Abdul Kadri. In that same year the Beiyut-el-Mal was started.

The population number some 115,448, and consists of Kanuri, Fulani, Auyokawa, Maguzawa from Kano, Koyamawa, Beddawa, Ngizimawa, Mangawa. There is a town of historic interest in Hadeija named Garin Gabbas, but which in old times bore the name of Biram, which was originally of great influence. It was founded by Arabs from Bagadaza or Baghdad. One Muktari, or Abayajidd, (Abu-yazid) with his younger brother Biram, migrated west until they reached Birnin Bornu (Kukawa), where the Shehu gave Muktari a town and his daughter in marriage. Muktari was presently compelled to flee, but left his wife on the road, where she gave birth to Biram, who founded Garin Gabbas, Muktari continuing his journey as far as Daura, where he slew the celebrated serpent and married the Queen. Another version of the legend is that it was Biram, the younger brother, who founded Garin Gabbas. A descendant of this Arab family still reigns as Chief.

Hadejia Tribe……

AUYOKAWA.

Capt. J. M. Fremantle. Mr. K. L. Hall.

The origin of the Auyokawa, Shirawa and Teshenawa is identical. Three men of the above names, variously described as Margi, or as coming from Bagirimi territory, east of the Shari, founded three towns about the year 1211 A.D. The date is, however, disputed. Local tradition supplies the names and approximate length of reign of twenty-five Chiefs, descendants of Awuya, which would bring his advent to the year 1346 A.D., whilst another authority gives 1400 A.D. as the probable date. 

In the reign of Jibrin, 1780-1820 A.D., the Fulani came.......... 

BEDDAWA

Beddawa or Bedde, originating from a town called Badr, east of Bagirimi. 

A large number of Bedde, perhaps as many again, are scattered through the Shehurate under various headmen. There are two Bedde villages in the Emirate of Hadejia, and individuals are scattered in some Ngizim villages, and they have one town- ship in the Katagum Emirate, whence the following notes have been collected.* These Bedde claim to have migrated from Asben and to be of the same stock as those in Bornu, but they have different facial markings, and certain dialectical differences have arisen. On the birth of a child the mother's friends bring her corn, pepper, salt, cow-heels, fish, and the pods of dorowa and kimba trees. Seven days after birth the child is named, if a boy after his father or uncle. He is washed in water stolen from another man's house, so that he may be thus early initiated into the business of robbery, which, together with hunting, was a man's main occupation. When a man wishe to marry he pays the parents of the bride 100,000 cowries if she dislikes him the money is returned. Inter- course is often held without marriage. The houses are built in one piece, and all the family live in the same compound. There are no granaries, for the grain is buried, and may be left without deterioration for several years. They eat quantities of dried fish and honey, and to the former attri- bute the fact that they suffer little blindness, though it is worthy of remark that they are very cleanly in their habits. The flesh of dogs and pigs is consumed, the animals usually having their throats cut, but they will eat cattle that have died a natural death. Native beer is largely drunk. A large cylindrical drum was formerly used in time of war. When it was beaten, men, women and children would remain to fight to the death. The weapons in common use were bows and arrows, swords and spears. Shields were used for...... 

MANGA. (MANGAWA)

AUTHORITY : Mr. P. A. Benton.

Manga is a contraction of the name Madinga, but it has been universally adopted for seventy years. They were probably an indigenous race who were conquered by the Kanuri. Recently they suffered much from Rabeh's invasion, but took advantage of it to drive the Kanuri out from the Alanjurori district (Geidam) where they had themselves been settled since circ. 1650 A.D. ; but in five years time the Kanuri returned. The Manga now intermarry with the Kanuri, but not with the Kanembu. * Also used by dancers of Sarkin Kaiama and Sarkin Borgu. 

They accepted British administration at once, but proved trouble some for a few years. They are under a district-head responsible to the Shehu, They are a tall, heavily framed and vigorous race, who were originally hunters, par excellence, they discovered salt and potash, which they now work, farm, fish, dye, weave and plait grass. The majority of the tribe inhabit large territories north of Lake Chad and of the Yo River, but there are a few in the Emirates of Katagum, Hadejia and Gumel, and some..... 

NGIZIM. (NGIZMAWA)

AUTHORITIES :Capt. J. M. Fremantle. Capt. J. ff. Hopkinson.

The Ngizim are an offshoot of the Bedde, who came from Birnin-Bedr, south-west of Mecca, in the time of the Prophet (see history of Bussa and-Illo). The main body, some 12,000 Ngizim, are settled in Bornu. About the year 1700 A. D., they, were living a few miles west of Birni Gazerogomo when the Fulani raided and captured that town the Ngizim consequently migrated to Kanuri and thence to Potiskum, where they conquered the Keri-Keri. Some remained in the Geidam Division, whence they were driven out by the Shehu Omar some sixty years ago, but returned not long after. A few are settled in the Bedde Independent district., and a small number trekked westwards to Hadejia and Katagum. 

In Bornu they have the reputation of being a drunken, backward people, and pagans. In Potiskum the soil is poor, but farming is the principal occupation, and flocks of sheep and goats are kept. There are a small number of traders, but they will never go eastwards. The following notes are concerning the Hadejia Ngizim, many of whom have adopted the Muhammadan religion, and whose customs have evidently been modified by that civilising influence, though they will still sometimes eat cattle that have not 

TEJANI FULANI (TIJJANAI)

The Tejani Fulani settled in the country lying between the Gambia and Senegal Rivers, north of Futajello, where they intermarried with the Futa jello Filane, who had become wander- ing herdsmen in the districts, and whose language they adopted. An Arab, Fodio, and his heirs became chiefs over them. One of his descendants, Alhajji Umoru, made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and on his return stopped at Fez, and then at Sokoto, where he spent seven years, and where Bello, Sarkin Musulmi, gave him his daughter in marriage. On Bello's death (1837) ne went to a pagan district, Mallawa, and assisted by the three Chiefs of the countries of Futa jello, Futa toro and Futa bundu, waged a jihad. In virtue of a flag he had received from the Sultan of Fez, he was appointed head of the Fulani Empire, composed of the above-mentioned States, and took the title of Sarkin Tejani. His conquests extended in the west from Kayes on the Senegal to Aribinta in the east. He was succeeded on his death by his son, who established sway over Timbuktu. About 1894, however, the French drove him from the country, and he retreated to Sokoto. He was given Zamfara, but died shortly afterwards. His younger brother stopped a while near Messau, but threw in his fortunes with the Sarkin Musulmi in opposition to the British and followed him to Burmi, where he was captured and his followers scattered. Amadu Madaniyo, son of Amadu of Zamfara, was appointed Sarkin Tejani by the British, and has settled at the town of Dakkayawa under the Emir of Hadejia. The French invited him to become chief of the old Tejani Kingdom of Segu, but he declined. He is surrounded by some nineteen families only. A somewhat larger number remain in the......