GUMEL EMIRATE....

HADEJIA A YAU!

GUMEL.... The town lies at the intersection of roads from Kano city, Gujungu, Hadejia, Maigatari, and Zinder (Niger). The emirate was founded c.1750 by Dan Juma of Kano city (75 mil [121 km] southwest) and his followers of the Manga (Mangawa) tribe; shortly after his death in 1754, it became a tributary state of the Bornu Kingdom. 

The emirate survived the Fulani attacks of Usman dan fodio's jihad ("holy war") in the early 19th century and never became part of the Fulani Empire of Sokoto. 

In 1845 Gumel's capital was moved from Tumbi (20 mil north in present day Niger) to the present site; and in 1851 Heinrich Barth, a German geographer, visited the busy Gumel market, where cloth, tools, pots, cattle, sheep, donkeys, horses, and agricultural produce were traded (described in his Travels and Discoveries in North and Cen- tral Africa [1857-58]).

Wars with nearby Hadejia, Kano, and Zinder (Damagaram) plagued the emirate from 1828; the war with Hadejia continued until Gumel's emir Abdullahi was killed in battle in 1872. Slave raids toward the end of the century by Damagaram further depopulated Gumel. Emir Ahmadu submitted to the British in 1903 and the Gumel emirate, reduced in size to its present 1,205 sq mi (3,121 sq km), was incorporated into Kano Province.

The new encyclopedia Britannica in 30 volumes by Macropaedia

Publication date 1978

HADEJIA EMIRATE...

HADEJIA A YAU!

Hadejia, town and emirate, Kano Province, Kano State, Northern Nigeria. The town is on the Hadejia River (a seasonal tributary of the Komadugu Yobe, which flows into Lake Chad) and lies at the intersection of roads from Nguru, Gumel, Katagum, and Keffin Hausa.

The emirate's savanna area of 2,720 sq mil (7,045 sq km) originally included seven small Hausa kingdoms (one of which, Hadejia, was named for a hunter of the Kanuri tribe) that paid tribute to the Kingdom of Bornu.

About 1805, Umaru, a Fulani herdsman who held the title sarkin ("chief) Fulanin Hadejia, pledged allegiance to the Fulani jihad ("holy war") leader, Usman dan Fodio. Umaru's brother and successor, emir Sambo (reigned 1808-45), officially founded Hadejia emirate in 1808, moved the Fulani headquarters to Hadejia town, established a market, and began to consolidate Fulani rule over the Hausa kingdoms.

Emir Bukhari (also Bohari, Bowari; reigned 1848-50, 1851-63) renounced Hadejia's allegiance to Sokoto (a town, 325 mil [523 km] west) in 1851, raided the nearby emirates of Kano, Katagum, Gumel, Bedde, and Jama'are, and enlarged Hadejia emirate to its present size. Heinrich Barth, the German geographer, described the devastation wrought by Buhari's conquests in his Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa (1857-58). Hadejia was brought back into the Fulani Empire after Buhari's death, but wars with neighbouring Gumel continued until 1872.

In 1906 the British installed an emir Haruna and incorporated the emirate into Kano Province. The present emirate council governs from Hadejia town.

The town is the emirate's chief market centre, handling cotton, millet, guinea corn, fish, and rice, which is grown in the river valley, and serves as its most important collecting point for peanuts, an export crop which is trucked to Kano city (110 mil west-southwest) for shipment by rail. Cattle, goats, guinea fowl, sheep, and donkeys are kept by the local Hausa and Fulani peoples. Several small lime industries exist in scattered parts of the emirate. Hadejia town has a hospital (1935), a health office, and a maternity clinic. Pop. (1972 est.) 29,172. •map, Nigeria 13:86... 

Reference..... The new encyclopedia Britannica in 30 volumes by Macropaedia

Publication date 1978 Topics Encyclopedias and dictionaries Publisher Chicago ; London : Encyclopedia Britannica. 

Hadeja, a  large  town surrounded with a beautiful  and very strong double clay wall, and well inhabited, the courtyards being  inclosed  with  clay  walls,  but containing only reed huts. The inhabitants employ  themselves exclusively in warlike expe¬ditions, and have no industry; but nevertheless there are  still to be seen here a few dyeing-pots, marking the eastern limit  of  this branch of industry.  On the south side of the town is a kogi, or komadugu,  with a  stream of running water in the  rainy  season,but  with only stagnant  pools in summer, along which a little wheat is  cultivated.  It is generally called Rani.

HADEJIA... A large town with five gates, excellent walls about 30ft high from the bottom of ditch, and 30ft thick at base. The gates are protected in such a way that guns could not get a direct fire at them. The population is estimated at from 8 to 10,000. The circumference of the walls is about 4 and half miles..."

From

Captain HCB. Phillips (MAITUMBI) to Larymore.. 17/02/1903.