BATURIYA BIRDS SANCTUARY, HADEJIA WETLAND GAME RESERVE..

HADEJIA A YAU!

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE HADEJIA WETLAND GAME RESERVE, JIGAWA STATE.

INTRODUCTION OF THE GAME RESERVE

Baturiya Birds sanctuary, sometimes referred to broadly as Hadejia Wetland game reserve is a natural wetlands, located within the Sudan Sahelian region. Its stretches in a general west to east direction of Hadejia River Valley touching portion of three Local Government Areas Auyo, Kirikasamma and Guri Local Government areas in Jigawa State.The reserve was taken as Parts of Birds area of Hadejia/Nguru wetland and also as wetland of international importance (RAMSAR) 20  recently it was proposed to upgrade to a state of a national park by Nigerian national parks service (NPS).

The area of the reserve includes; the buffer zone is about 350km2 reserve support great variety of wildlife resources particulariy water game birds that are of both migratory and resident origins especially for resting activities.

HISTORY OF THE GAME RESERVE

The game reserve derived its name from the neighboring community of meaning a lady from Europe or white lady this was originated some centuary back when Baturiya community was not established, the area was just a variety of wildlife resources and Europeans used to visit and camp at. History have indicated that in early 70's the bush around Baturiya terms of variety of wildlife species and there were a lot of pond and were rich in terms of fish, crocodiles, monitor lizard and others aquatic animals.

for this purpose the then emir of Hadejia decided to organize a festival, where fishing and swimming competitions were performed and take place during the period of a festival, the then governor of defunct Kano state (Alhaji Audu Bako) was at the occasion and he became fascinated and attracted with the biodiversity resources of the area.

 For this in 1975 he directed the forestry department, to establish the game reserve in the area. The first survey of the area was carried out in the same year 1975 are surveyed in 1980 and officially gathered as a game reserve in 1985, becoming of game reserve to ascertain the boundary was carried out in the year, 2008, 2011, 2013 and 2016.

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS REGARDS TO FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE GAME RESERVE

Hadejia wetlands game reserve embodies diverse of flora and fauna both of the sahel and sudan savannah type that comprises predominantly of the following species.. 

Acacia nilotica Gabaruwa, Acacia sayel dusa, tamarindus indica tsamiya, mitrigyna inermis Giyayya, Diospyros mespilifornmis Kanya, hypaenia thebaica Goruba, Balanites egyptiaca Aduwa, Acacia albilda Gawo, Acacia seiberiania fararkaya/Bauji, Azadirachta indica Maina/darbejiya, Vitex doniana Dinya, Parkia Biglobosa Dorawa, Zizaphus Maturiania Magarya, Anogesus Leacarpus Marke, Piliostigma reticulatum Kargo, Prosopis Africana Kirya, Acacia Senegal Kayar dakwara, Acacia gurmensis Kama mu raba sterculia stangera Kukkuki, Afzelia Africana Kawo, Afzelia Chavaleri Katsari, Adonsinia Digitata Kuka, Annona Senegalensis Gwandar Daji, Ficus Cycamorus Baure, Gardenia Aqualle Katambiri/Gaude, Khaya Senegalensis Madachi, Mangifera Indica Mango, Sieberiana Runfu, Ficus Eteolphylla Shirinya, Ficus Thonningi Cediya, gulera Senegalensis Sabara, Stereospermum Kunthiamum Samsami, Acacia Tazancantha Sarkakiya, Borassus Aethiopum Giginya, Calotropis Procera Tunfafiya, Bauhinia Rufescana Matsagi/Matsantsagi, Ceiba Pentandra Rimi, Celtis Intergrifolla Zuwo/Dukki Pterocarpus Erinaceus Kattakara/Madobiya Terminelia Evicennioidea Baushe/Kwandari, Ficus Platyphylla Ganji.

The physiognomy of the vegetation within the game reserve also varies, with regards to wild life animals that are commonly spotted in the area includes; redpatas monkey, Baboon spotted Hyena Grims duiker, wathog common Jackal and many species of snakes including rockpython among others.

The abundance of the variety of birth such as game birds and waters birds species with high population which are commonly sighted in the game reserve and includes; GAME BIRDS….. 

THE FOUR RULING GROUP OF ZAZZAU.

HADEJIA A YAU!

Four ruling groups of Zazzau Emirate. 

The Province of Zaria was formed in 1902, and during this year Kwassau was deposed for intriguing with the Emir of Kano, who was at that time still hostile to the British. Aliu dan Sidi, of the original Mallawa dynasty, was appointed Emir in 1903. He reigned for twenty years. Victor N. Low. 

In 1902 the three Emirates of Keffi, Nasarawa, and Jemaa, which had previously been tributary to Zaria, were removed from the suzerainty of the Emir of Zaria and made independent.

This was a humiliation for the murder of Captain Moloney at Keffi by the Magajin Keffi, an accredited agent of the Emir Kwassau, who was sheltered first by the Emir of Zaria and then by the Emirs of Kano and Sokoto. They all had bitter cause to regret it.

The Zaria ruling group consisted of four lineages..The Barebari, the Katsinawa, the Mallawa and the Sullubawa, around which local power struggles within the N.A. revolved. These royal lineages were also the only source of candidature for the oflice of emirship, and thus they and their supporters controlled the N.A. in 1950, but the Emir's lineage was always the dominant group.

In 1950 the Emir of Zaria was Malam Ja'afaru, who remained in office until his death in 1959; he belonged to the Barebari lineage. Before his appointment as Emir in 1937, he had served as district head of Zangon Katab for 22 years. In his earlier years as Emir he was said to be more advanced in his outlook than the majority of his contemporaries.

But with the advance of years he found it difticult to adjust to the political changes in the country in the 1950s. Politically, he remained deeply committed to the maintenance of the status quo based on the principles of indirect rule.

Accordingly he did not subscribe to opinion in the Region critical of an N.A. system based on indirect rule. He openly expressed his alarm at the rate of political change in the Region and feared this could undermine the existing administrative framework. In Emir Ja'afaru's view the N.A., as then organized, had done a great deal for the welfare of the people and had protected the common man from the exploitation of 'dishonest officials'. 

In 1959 Ja'afaru was succceded by Muhammadu Aminu, who was a member of the Katsinawa lineage and had served the N.A. first as head of the health departnent, and later was appointed the lya with resporsibility for the Sabon Gari district. 

In this office he had a reputation for openmindedness which enabled him to maintain order in this most cosmopolitan and urbanised sector of the Emirate. Unlike Ja'afaru, Aminu was a contemporary of the leaders of the Northern Peoples Congress, his close personal friendship with the Regional Premier, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, was believed by many to have been the reason for the Premier giving him the Emirship. 

When Aminu took office in 1959 the N.A. was dominated by the Barebari and thus, during the first 2 years of his appointment he found difficulty in establishing his control.

Reference….. 

The native authority system in northern Nigeria, 1950-70: A study in political relations with particular reference to the Zaria native authority by Yahaya, A. D. Publication date 1980. 

Muhammadan Emirates In Northern Nigeria by Victor N. Low. 

FLOOD DISASTER IN HADEJIA, BY DR. MUHAMMAD B. UMAR.

HADEJIA A YAU!

LOST IN DEVELOPMENT’S SHADOW: THE DOWNSTREAM CONSEQUENCES OF TAMING THE HADEJIA RIVER, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA 

INTRODUCTION 

In the past century, large dams became a prominent instrument for economic development. Worldwide, the number of large dams stood at 5000 in 1950; three quarters of these were in North America, Europe, and other industrialised countries. By 2000, the number of large dams had climbed to over 45,000 and these were spread among more than 140 countries. On average, two large dams were built per day for half a century. Currently, the number of large dams exceeds 50,000. These dams provide water storage that has enabled large cities like Phoenix, Arizona in the United States, to grow in desert regions. They supply hydropower that has electrified many rapidly expanding industrial and urban economies, from Seattle to Shanghai. Also, large dams are important in agriculture. About half of the world’s large dams were built primarily for irrigation, many of them in Asia as the Green Revolution spread. Today, large dams are estimated to contribute directly to 12-16% of global food production. Definitely, large dams have played an important role in economic development. 

However, large dams have also brought serious environmental and social consequences. Whereas the benefits have generally been delivered to urban centres or industrial-scale agricultural developments, riparian river-dependent populations located downstream of dams have commonly experienced a difficult disturbance of their livelihoods, loss of food security and other impacts to their physical, cultural and spiritual well-being. River flows altered by large dams often disrupt or destroy downstream habitats and life cycle cues for fish and other river species, as well as fishing, cropping and grazing systems that rely on flood-plain socio-ecosystems. While riparian river-dependent communities may benefit from some degree of flood protection and enhanced irrigation opportunities provided by dams, adverse impacts are far more common and usually outweigh the benefits to downstream people, resulting in reduction of their incomes and livelihoods. 

Although, the nature, duration and severity of these impacts vary from one dammed river to another, in some of the cases documented, the wave of social, physical, cultural, spiritual disruption and human health impacts following dam construction largely passed within a decade. In other cases, dam-induced impacts have persisted through multiple generations. In some cases, impacts may be mitigated by alternative sources of food or employment; in other cases, they may not. And in some cases, the environmental effects of dams are detectable for only a short distance downstream, while in others those effects remain significant through hundreds of river kilometres. Nevertheless, what the majority of cases have in common is the failure to account for these impacts and their consequences on downstream populations. 

These cases prompted me to overtly write on: the perpetual occurrence of flood in the Hadejia Valley; the human and material costs of the damages; little or absence of relief, control, mitigation and management of this man-made disaster and finally nobody seems to know why it periodically happens and the failure to account for these impacts and their consequences on downstream communities. Therefore, I would like to open a forum through this write-up on the downstream human and material consequences of flood in Hadejia, its environment and beyond with a cautionary quote from a report. Thus;

“Any scheme of flood releases from present and projected reservoirs can only be undertaken with a much improved monitoring network of instruments, greatly enhanced levels of training amongst responsible staff, and a very close and effective liaison between the river managers and those who actually use the rivers and their waters.  It is essential that the timing of the releases is correct. Too much water, too early in the season and the planted seed will be drowned.  Too little water, too late and the small rice plants will wither and die before the onset of the flood.  A big reservoir release, when flood conditions already exist from heavy rainfall and large discharges in tributaries, could cause serious damage to bridges and the inundation of towns and villages.  Similarly, it will be essential that the releases in the Hadejia River are carefully coordinated with those in the Jama’are River so as to derive maximum benefit in the wetlands and downstream of Gashua.  Such coordination will require substantial studies of the hydrology of the rivers using daily data, greatly enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of flooding and groundwater recharge, and probably the development of a real time forecasting and control model for the river basin.  So, whilst such a scheme of flood releases may be shown to be technically feasible and economically desirable, it is essential that perhaps a decade of planning and organization be undertaken before any such scheme is implemented.” IUCN Report (1993).

In Nigeria, flood disaster has been perilous to communities and institutions. It has shattered both the built-environment and undeveloped plan. It has claimed many lives, and millions of properties got lost due to its occurrences. One prominent feature about it is that flooding does not discriminate but, marginalizes whosoever refuses to prepare for its occurrence. Flood affects more people on an annual basis than any other form of natural disaster, a variety of climatic and non-climatic processes influence flood processes, resulting in different types of floods. This shows that flooding in Nigeria could be as a result of natural or human cause, categorized as follows: Natural causes;

a. Heavy rainfall, 

b. Oceans storms and tidal waves usually along the coast, 

c. Lack of Lakes, and

d. Silting Human causes. 

While other human causes of flooding in Nigeria may be due to one of the following factors; 

a. Burst water from main pipes, 

b. Dam failures,  

c. Population pressure (especially in the city of Lagos), 

d. Deforestation (such as North part of Nigeria),

e. Trespassing on water storm drains (key cause in Southern Nigeria),

f. Unplanned urbanization (in many cities it’s the key cause of urban flooding), 

g. Poor Sewerage Management,  

h. Neglecting warnings from hydrological system data (major cause of 2012 flooding in Nigeria), and 

i. Lack of flood control measures (especially by government).

Unfortunately, in Northern Nigeria, the construction of dams and other water projects upstream have already affected irreversibly the hydrology of the Hadejia-Jama'are floodplain such as the recent flood release which brings us to delve into the conception of irrigation in the valley area.

     

THE CONCEPT OF IRRGATION

In Nigeria, the records indicate that the conception of large irrigation projects in the Hadejia area came as a result of a study conducted in the mid-1960s by the United States Bureau of Reclamation which was financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). One of the analyses included the possibility of construction of several dams on rivers that drain the upper reaches of the Chad Basin through the Hadejia and the Yobe Rivers into Lake Chad. Moreover, the structural property of the Hadejia Valley Irrigation Authority (HVIA) which lies in the North-Eastern Kano State (now in Jigawa State) is a natural advantage for large irrigation project. The valley is about 5 miles wide and 20 miles long and lies between the Hadejia and Kafin Hausa River loop.  

However, the Hadejia River is the valley‘s northern boundary while the Kafin Hausa River borders the southern part. The valley area covered slightly more than 28,340ha (70,000 acres). Land formations within the project area, such as land dunes, lake bodies, and swampy areas as well as villages reduced the farming area to approximately 24,300ha (60,000 acres). During the Third National Development Plan (1975-80), the need for rapid production of food and industrial raw materials became obvious in the face of rapidly growing population and the experiences of devastating droughts. It was in this context that ―River Basins" concept came to be adopted.     

Accordingly, the Hadejia Valley Irrigation Authority (HVIA) was taken over by the Hadejia- Jama‘are River Basin Development Authority (HJRBDA) from the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR), Kano State in 1976. The location of Hadejia Valley Irrigation Authority continued to be maintained as done by the MANR but, the original plan of small schemes in the projects at Agubu, Arawa, Ganuwar Kuka, Mai Alkama, Sunamu, Tashena and Yamidi operated by the ministry was renamed Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project (HVIP) and consolidated into two Phases (I and II). Operationally, Hadejia-Jama‘are River Basin Development Authority (HJRBDA) covers areas in Kano, Jigawa, and Bauchi States with a potential irrigable space of 250,000 hectares. The objectives of the authority among others include: harnessing, conservation, and efficient utilization of available water resources within its area of jurisdiction for increased agricultural production and domestic water supply (italics mine). The question is: How does the authority harnesses, conserves and efficiently utilizes the available water resources looking at the recent records on flood occurrences in the basin and beyond? This leads us to the upstream-downstream nexus.

UPSTREAM-DOWNSTREAM NEXUS IN THE VALLEY AREA

The Hadejia basin is located in the North Western part of Nigeria on the Hadejia River. It falls within geographical coordinates of 12º26’N and 10º04’E and has a drainage area of 25,900km2. The upstream section of the Hadejia River system lies on the largely impermeable Basement Complex rocks. The upstream Basement Complex region is hilly (with peaks of up to 1,200 m). Most of the flows in the Hadejia River system (∼80%) is regulated by Tiga Dam. The Hadejia River splits into three channels in the Hadejia Nguru Wetland: The Marma channel which flows into the Nguru Lake, the old Hadejia River which joins up with the Jama’are River to become the Yobe River and the relatively small Burum Gana River.

Nevertheless, the largest upstream irrigation scheme at present is the Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP). Water supplies for the project are provided by Tiga Dam, the biggest dam in the basin which was completed in 1974. Water is also, released from this dam to supply Kano City.  The second major irrigation scheme within the river basin, the Hadejia Valley Project (HVP), is under construction. The HVP is supplied by Challawa Gorge Dam on the Challawa River, upstream of Kano, which was finished in 1992.  Besides, Challawa Gorge provides water for Kano City water supply. A number of small dams and associated irrigation schemes have similarly, been constructed or are planned for minor tributaries of the Hadejia River. 

 

In comparison, the Jama’are River is relatively uncontrolled with only one small dam across one of its tributaries. Plans for a major dam on the Jama’are at Kafin Zaki have been in existence for many years, which would provide water for an irrigated area totaling 84 000 ha. Work on Kafin Zaki Dam has been started and then stopped a number of times, most recently in 1994, and its future is at present still unclear. Therefore, Tiga and Challawa Gorge dams control 80% of the flows into the basin and are operated by the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Development Authority (HJRBDA) as stated earlier which is the nexus between up-and downstream of the river, and planning for the lower part of the basin is conducted by the Chad Basin Development Authority (CBDA). This shows that there are two major authorities as the dichotomy suggests.

However, a myriad of questions are: Is there a hydrologic boundary between the two- HJRBDA and CBDA? Is there a coherent, integrated development plan for the entire basin? Is there much coordination between the agencies responsible for the dams and those for water supply in the basin? Furthermore, is there a communication channel among the six states (Jos, Kano, Jigawa, Bauchi, Yobe and Borno) in the basin, the Diffa province in Niger within the basin and the federal planning and management authorities? How many agencies of government at various levels share some degree of jurisdiction over water management in the basin?  Do dam operators in the basin have inflow monitoring devices, inflow forecasting tools for the reservoirs? Is there a flood warning system for the basin?  What happens to the proposed river basins’  flood early warning system of 2009? (italics mine)

Nonetheless, based on the irreparable damages that have resulted from flooding in the basin, there is a dire need to direct urgent attention towards these and many more questions. Now let us look into the mechanism of flood management and control in Nigeria.

Management and Control of Flood in Nigeria  

The Government of Nigeria is the primary initiator of measures for the management of flooding in Nigeria. Various institutions, policies and regulations have been set up by government to address issues relating to floods and activities that promote/influence flooding in Nigeria. These agencies are:    

National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) 

This is an agency of the Federal Ministry of Environment that is saddled with the responsibility of enacting and enforcing regulations that protect the environment from degradation. Examples of some flood-related regulations are: 

i) Watershed, Mountainous, Hilly and Catchment Areas Regulations 2009: Aims to check and restrain activities in the above-mentioned areas that are inconsistent with proper land practices. 

ii) Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Regulations, 2009: The objectives of these regulations are management and conservation of water catchments and flood control, conservation and sustainable use of wetlands and pollution control.  

National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)  

The Nigerian government established the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) through (Act 12 as amended by Act 50 of 1999), to manage and respond to disaster related activities in Nigeria such as flooding, accidents caused by natural and man-made sources. NEMA is saddled with the responsibility of formulating policies, assessment of natural and man-made disasters, provision of mitigating measures for disaster related activities, coordinating plans and programmes for offering relief items to victims of such disasters. It is essential to assess the activities of NEMA as it relates to identification of flood risk areas in order to develop prevention/mitigation measures in controlling flooding in the area. 

National Erosion and Flood Control Policy (NEFCP) 

This agency was established in 2005 with the goal of protecting the environment from degradation, loss of productive land and negative impacts of flood. They are responsible for ensuring coordinated and systematic measures in the management and control of the hazards of erosion and floods to reduce their impacts on people and the environment.

Since the inception of these agencies, policies and regulations, the country’s response to flood risk management has still been mainly that of relief management after a flooding incident. Even then, co-ordination of rescue operations has always been slow, exacerbating the damage and loss in the aftermath of the event. Part of this problem may be due to lack of technical expertise for handling environmental issues and insufficient information on flood vulnerability of different parts of the country, hence the need to introduce proven strategies to combat this menace. For instance, taking stock of flood occurrences in the basin 35, 500 people were displaced in 1988, also, it occurred in 1991, 92 and 93, 450,150 people were displaced in 2001 (Etuonovbe, 2011), 1.5 million farmers, herders and fishers were displaced (Nigerian Conservation Foundation, 2006), floods occurred in September, 2012, 15, 17, 18, and 19 (Legit Natural disasters in Nigeria: Top 5 of all times) and September, 2020.

THE WAY FORWARD

It can readily be acknowledged that dam development projects have played a very important role in advancing local and national economies thus, the fact that dam development projects can provide important local to national benefits, including benefits that flow to downstream communities is not at issue here.

Therefore, what is at issue is the degree to which dam projects degrade the natural food productivity of river socio-ecosystems and disrupt livelihoods and cultures dependent on these systems without an accurate accounting of these costs. 

Moreover, as described below, many of these negative consequences can be avoided by applying pragmatic 'best practice' approaches to overcome the recurrent problems of floods along the Hadejia Valley. The Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Development Authority (HJRBDA) and the Chad Basin Development Authority (CBDA) should apply the followings:

1. The need to identify, classify and map those areas subject to flooding as the basis for flood preparedness and management,

2. The potential offered by remotely sensed radar photos to monitor and identify rapidly inundated areas, overcoming problems of overcast skies during flood periods,

3. The use of GIS techniques to make inventories and analysis in a more systematic manner the impact of floods on agriculture and infrastructure,

4. The urgent need to update the basin’s capabilities in flood forecasting and river modeling,

5. The need to incorporate flood management as an integrated element in reservoir operation,

6. The considerable potential of flood control works to offer more lasting solutions in flood management,

7. The need to create a greater local awareness and preparedness in flood relief, mitigation and management,

8. The potential for promoting dry season irrigation to offset yield reductions due to flooding, 

9. Redesign of physical structures that cut across the basin such as roads with high bridges instead of culverts, dredging of old water outlets north of the basin that could serve as spillways and be utilised in the dry season, 

10. The need for a proper institutional capacity at central and decentralized level to address flood problems on a continuous basis. For instance, coherent, integrated development plans for the entire basin, much coordination between the agencies responsible for the dams and those for water supply. Additionally, communication among the six states (Jos, Kano, Jigawa, Bauchi, Yobe and Borno), local government areas in the basin, the Diffa province in Niger within the basin and the federal planning and management authorities, and

11. The need to collaborate with stakeholders which include: vulnerable communities resident in the hydrological, Community Based Organizations, Local, State and Federal Governments of Nigeria, Government Agencies and Institutions, the Private Sector, the Academic and Scientific Community, Non-Governmental Organizations, Regional Institutions and Organizations, and International Organizations.  

Otherwise, Hadejia Valley will be lost in development’s shadow as a result of the downstream human consequences of dams by taming the river. Thank you and remain blessed for reading and anticipate your response.

Mohammed Bashir Umar

DABON KANO A GIDAN SAMBO....

HADEJIA A YAU!

ZIYARAR SARKIN KANO AMINU ADO BAYERO ZUWA HADEJIA, LITININ 14/9/2020.

DABON KANO A GIDAN SAMBO....
Dangantaka tsakanin Masarautar Kano da Hadejia dadaddiyar dangantaka ce wadda ta fara tun zamanin Sarkin Kano Ibrahim Dabo da Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu Sambo, zaka yarda da abinda na fada idan ka karanta Littafin Hugh Clapperton wato (Journal of Second Expedition) inda yake cewa...

 " 22/feb./1822. I afterwards went by invitation to visit the governor of Hadeja, who was here on his return from Sockatoo, and lived in the house of the wambey."

Tarihin Birnin Kano ya nuna cewa Sarkin Kano Usman Dan Dabo shi ya fara baiwa Sarkin Hadejia Buhari mafaka bayan cire shi daga sarauta kafin ya koma Takoko (Shafowa) da zama, sannan wannan Dangantaka ta ci gaba da wanzuwa har zamanin Basasar Kano ta 1894, lokacin da Galadiman Kano Yusufa ya nemi taimakon Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu da Sarkin Gumel Habu, da Sarkin Jafun Modibbo da su taimake shi ya shiga gidan Dabo. Wannan Dalili ya dan raunata waccan Dangantaka wadda har ta kai ga Zaman Dako a iyakokin Hadejia da Kano, amma daga baya dangantakar ta gyaru zamanin Sarkin Kano Alu.

Zamanin Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Sunusi 1954-1963, ya kawowa Sarkin Hadejia Haruna Ziyara sau da dama wadda har ake kiran Masaukin sa da suna "Gidan Sarkin Kano" yana nan a cikin fadar Hadejia daga Arewa. Haka kuma Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero ya kawowa Sarki Haruna ziyara ba sau daya ba, sannan zamanin Sarkin Hadejia Abubakar Maje ya kawo irin wannan ziyara sau da yawa har zuwa wajejen 1996/97, inda ya zo bayan Sallar Isha'i kuma ya kwana. In ka dauke zuwa bikin Bada Sanda ko zuwa Sutura Sarkin Kano Ado yayi zuwa na musamman sau uku da wayon mu.

Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Sanusi na biyu ya kawo irin wannan ziyara Hadejia a shekarar 2015/2016, akan hanyar sa ta zuwa Machina sai dai lokacin Sarkin Hadejia yana Kasar Waje.

Ziyarar Sarkin Kano Aminu Ado Bayero ta zo dai dai da lokacin da Sarkin Hadejia Adamu ya cika shekara goma sha takwas (18) a gadon Sarauta 2002-2020, wannan ziyara itace ziyara ta farko da Sarkin Kano Aminu Ado Bayero yayi zuwa Hadejia. Muna Addu'ah da fatan Alkairi Allah ya bada ladan ziyara.

JARMAN HADEJIA ALHAJI SABO SAMBO...

HADEJIA A YAU!

The Jarma Title In Hadejia Emirate Dated As Far Back As 1850.

1. Late Jarman Hadejia Muhammadu kare Kare.

2. Late Jarman Hadejia Muhammadu Yusufu (Warkaci)

3. Late Ahmadu Guruza

4. Late Sarkin Hanya Sambo 

5. Late Jarman Hadejia Sabo Sambo

6. Late  Jarman Hadejia Usman Sambo

7. Jarma Hadejia Abba Sambo

Historically, The Title Of Jarma Only Belong To The First Among The Warlords Of  The Kanem Borno Empire Whose Main Duties Include Safe-Guarding The Territorial Integrity Of The Kingdom And Leading The Territorial Army At The Battlefield.

Jarma Is Derived From The Hausa Word Meaning "Jarumta".

 The Origin Of The Word “Jarma”  Literally Mean “Bravery”  Therefore, It Is A Traditional Title Given To A Brave Persons Who Could Fight Against Internal And External Aggressions In The Emirate.

The Year 1850 Marks The Advent Of The Traditional Title Of  Jarma In The Entire Hausa/Fulani Kingdom. Historians Recorded That Prior To This Period, The Title of  Jarma Is Alien To The Hausa/Fulani Emirates. The Title Of Jarma Was Said To Have Derived It Origin From The Kanem Borno Empire, Which Dated As Far Back As 7th Century.

 According To Oral Narrations, The Famous Jarma Mohammadu “Dan Kare Kare” Was Said To Be Of Kanuri Decent, He’s Grandparents Among Others Rhodes From the Kanem Borno Empire and Settled In Hadejia, some Yobe while others went as far as Bauchi emirate.

When Such Title Is Attached To a Person It Symbolizes Courage, Valor And Fearless Attributes that is of Worthy of Emulation. 

In every Society Courage Can Take Different Forms Whether Demonstrated In War Or Peace Time. This Has Reflected Itself In The Way And Manner The Title Of Jarma Is Being Conferred On Individuals. 

Prior to 1850’s, Similar Title To that Of JARMA In The Fulani Kingdoms Are Sarkin Dawaki, Sarkin Yaki, Madawaki, Makama And Barde, These Titles are Reserved For Brave Warriors.

The Yardstick For The Appointment Of Jarma By The Respective Emirs Of Hadejia Is Not Only Limited To Bravery In Warfare But such person must Distinguished himself as a Hero during war and peace time. Those Rare Qualities Of Selflessness, Bravery And Valor Are Clear Depictions Of  The  First  Jarma Title Holder In  Hadejia Emirate, Notably Known As Jarma Muhammadu “ Dan Kare Kare”,  

who was Conferred With The Title During The Reign Of The Greatest King and Ruler Of Hadejia,  Sarki Mohammadu Buhari. 

According to the Professor Of History, Bayero University Kano, Mal. Haruna Wakili;

In His Artlce  “An Attempt To Reject The Imposition Of Colonial Rule In Hadejia, 1906. 

The Professor Asserts That, Soon After The British Invasion Of Hadejia And It’s Environs, The Colonial Masters Mercilessly Captured The Warlords Of The Emirate,Which Include Jarman Hadejia And Sarkin Arewa. Since Then, They Abolished The Title Of Jarman Hadejia In The Entire Region.

The Traditional Title of Jarman Hadejia Has Been Vacant For almost Six Decades.

Until The Year 1973, When Late Alhaji SABO SAMBO Took a Giant Stride In Restoring The Lost Glory of his  Heroic Ancestral Traditional Title.

In Contemporary Times, Wars Between Communities, Kingdoms And Emirates Has Long Become a thing  of the Past.

It Becomes Imperative that For A Person To Be Turban With The Title Of Jarma, Such Person Must Be Very Generous, Powerful And Influential. This And Many Others Were The Attribute Of The Late Jarman Hadejia Alhaji SABO SAMBO. His Characteristics And Mannerisms Earned Him of his Ancestral  Title during The Reign Of The Late Emir Of Hadejia Alhaji Haruna Abdulkadir In 1973.

THE BIOGRAPHY OF LATE JARMAN HADEJIA, ALHAJI SABO SAMBO.

Jarma Sabo Sambo Was Born In 1932 In Hadejia, From The Family Of Late Sarkin Hanya Sambo And Hajiya Maryam Muhammad (Iya Hajja). His Father Was The Grand Son Of Late Jarman Hadejia Mohammadu (Warkaci). 

He was a Pre and post-independence Nigeria  Civil Servant. well experience in The Field Governance, Law, Business and public Administration. 

His Erudition And Profound Knowledge Of 

Politics and Governance Paved Him way to be appointed as a Principal Private Secretary to the First Speaker Of the Parliamentary House, Lagos, in 1951.

His overwhelming experience led him to the peak of Civil Service Career in 1966 (Senior Executive Officer, Federal Civil Service). 

He was nominated as a Minister by Late President Mohammadu Shagari in the Second Republic 1983, Before his Assumption of office President Buhari took over the government by coup de eta.

He was Turbaned as the third Jarman Hadejia  In 1973. A traditional title he inherited from his great grand father JARMA MUHAMMAD WARKACI (1906).

During this Turbaning ceremony, The Earliest Magazine In Northern Nigeria  

“Gaskiya Tafi Kobo”  Popularly Known As

 (New Nigeria).,

Title;

“SABO SAMBO  Ya Zama Jarma” :  

Quoted Late Dan Masanin  Kano, Alhaji Yusuf Maitama Sule, where he assert:

“I’m Not Surprise By the Calibre Of Persons I’m Seeing Today Who Graced This Royal Occasion, JARMA SABO SAMBO Is A Complete Gentleman With An Imposing Personality. He Is Loved By All And Sundry. A Technocrat Per Excellent and a Seasoned Democrat. I’ve Known Him From The MIDDLE SCHOOL now RUMFA COLLEGE, His Generosity And Dedication  to Hardwork cannot be over emphasized.. He was Indeed, a Force To Reckon with during Our Youthful Days In The Parliament ”..

The  Turbaning  Ceremony Was Said To Have Been The Best Of It Kind, It was a one week Celebration and colourful Display Of Cultural And Traditional Heritage From  Different Tribes Across The Nation. 

 As at the time of his  Turbaning ceremony, He 

was The ”Regional Manager Of The Nigerian 

Food Specialist ”Overseeing The Activities Of Several  International Companies Such As UTC UNILIVER,  LEVENTIS and NESTLE.

The Ceremony Host Eminent Personalities Such As Late Alhaji Tatari Ali (Bauchi State Governor), Late Alhaji Audu Bako, AVM Hamza Abdullahi, Late Brig. Gen. Umar Mohammed (Sokoto State Governor) Late Alhaji Adamu Chiroma, Late General Hassan Usman Katsina, Late Dan Masanin Kano Alhaji Maitama Sule, Late Turakin Kano Alhaji Tijjani Hashim, Late Alhaji Aminu Sale (Wambai Katagum), Late Alhaji Sule Katagum Wazirin Katagum. Representatives Of Kano State Government, Representatives Of Bauchi State Government, Representatives Of Sokoto State Government. Representative of Lagos state government, The Emirate Of Kano, Zaria, Maiduguri, Azare, Borno, Sokoto, Jama’are and  Damagaran (Niger Republic). 

Traditional Title Holders From The West And Eastern Part Of Nigeria also graced the occassion. The Turbaning Ceremony was heavily Graced By Many Traditional And Cultural Musician From across The Country.

His Business Partners From London, Germany And France were also in attendance. 

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

He Attended Dalla Elementary School In Hadejia (Now Abdulkadir Primary School) From 1938-1944, Then Proceeded To The Prestigious Kano Middle School From 1945-1950.

COURSES AND INSTITUTIONs     ATTENDED.

*  Clerical Training College, Zaria, (1951-1952).

* Judicial Course For Senior Native Court Personnel At The Institute Of Administration Zaria, (1961-1962); 

* Personal Management And Industrial Relation Training Organized By The Federal Ministry Of Labour In 1964. 

* Senior/Middle Management Course At Department Of Business Administration Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 1965.

* Business Writing Course By Continuing Education Centre, University Of Lagos, In 1968.

* Field Sales Management Course At Nigeria Institutes Of Management (NIMS), Lagos, 1971.

* Industrial Planning Course At The Research And Advisory Services Unit, University Of London In 1975.

CIVIL SERVICE CAREER

* Chief Scribe And Inspector Of Native Courts Katagum Native Authority, Azare. 1949.

* Principal Private Secretary to the First Speaker of Parliamentary House lagos,1951. 

* Chief Clerical Officer Of The Former Northern Region, 1952-1955.

* Senior Executive Officer, Federal Civil Service, 1963-1966.

* Personnel Manager Nigerian Industrial Development Bank N.I.D.B (Now Bank Of Industry)  Lagos 1966-1970.

* Northern Area Manger, Food Specialist Nigeria, Ltd  1970-1974

*General Manager Kano State Transport Co-Operation 1974-1977.

* Managing Director Kano State Investment And Property Limted 1975 -1977.

* Ministerial Nominee 1983.

* Board Member of the New Nigerian Development company  (N.N.D.C) 1989.

He was Chairman and Director Of Several Private Companies From 1990 -1999.

He Died On The 31st Day Of May, 1999 And Was Survived By 37 Children And Four Wives, Hajiya Sa’a From Damagaran, Niger Republic. Hajiya Hafsatu From Gwandu, Kebbi State, Hajiya Kulu From Hadejia And Hajiya Hauwa From Jama’are In Bauchi State. 

He Was Succeeded By His Younger Brothers; *Late Alhaji Usman Sambo (2000-2010).

 *Alhaji Abba Sambo (2010 to date )

Late Emir of Hadejia Alhaji Abubakar Maje Haruna Turbaned his first child As “Bauran Hadejia” in Gratification of His father’s selfless service and Dedication towards development of Hadejia emirate, kano State  and Nigeria as a whole.

CONTRIBUTIONS:

Late Jarman Hadejia, Alhaji Sabo Sambo Was Immensely Loved  By The People Of Hadejia.

* He Contributed a Lot Towards Providing Jobs For The Teaming Unemployed Youth in various Government agencies and parastatals.

* He Facilitated The Appointments Of Notable Personalities From Hadejia Emirate Both At Federal And State Levels.. 

* He also facilitated the Establishment of the famous Hadejia Jama’are River Basin Development Authority in 1976 and  coordinated various projects under the Hadejia Jama’are River basin

* While serving as Managing Director of kano state investment and property limited,

He constructed Kundila Housing Estate, which include Gwammaja, Zoo Road and Zaria Road in the old kano State 

* As a Board member of Dantata and sawoe construction company, He brought the company to Hadejia and facilitated the construction of several Tarred roads in Hadejia and its environs

* He worked hard towards restoring the long lost relationship between Hadejia Emirate and other Notables Emirates in Nigeria such as katagum Bida, Jama’are, Gombe, Maiduguri, the Emirates of Sokoto and Gwandu, just to mention few.

* His House In Kano  became the residence and  Meeting point of The People Of Hadejia.

* He Never Get Tired Of Giving his audience  to Anyone who came to see him. This And Many Other things won Him the Love And Admiration of his People.

Late Sabo Sambo was The Cynosure Of All Eyes During SALLAH And DURBA Festivities In Hadejia, Very Well Noted To Have Shunted The Courageous Praise: " Ko Yau Ko Gobe, Ko Yanzu Yaki  Ya Zo”. Meaning (Let There Be In The Emirate, ‘War’ Today Or Tomorrow Or Even At The Moment. I’m  Ready To Defend The Entire Kingdom.