GUMEL.... The town lies at the intersection of roads from Kano city, Gujungu, Hadejia, Maigatari, and Zinder (Niger). The emirate was founded c.1750 by Dan Juma of Kano city (75 mil [121 km] southwest) and his followers of the Manga (Mangawa) tribe; shortly after his death in 1754, it became a tributary state of the Bornu Kingdom.
The emirate survived the Fulani attacks of Usman dan fodio's jihad ("holy war") in the early 19th century and never became part of the Fulani Empire of Sokoto.
In 1845 Gumel's capital was moved from Tumbi (20 mil north in present day Niger) to the present site; and in 1851 Heinrich Barth, a German geographer, visited the busy Gumel market, where cloth, tools, pots, cattle, sheep, donkeys, horses, and agricultural produce were traded (described in his Travels and Discoveries in North and Cen- tral Africa [1857-58]).
Wars with nearby Hadejia, Kano, and Zinder (Damagaram) plagued the emirate from 1828; the war with Hadejia continued until Gumel's emir Abdullahi was killed in battle in 1872. Slave raids toward the end of the century by Damagaram further depopulated Gumel. Emir Ahmadu submitted to the British in 1903 and the Gumel emirate, reduced in size to its present 1,205 sq mi (3,121 sq km), was incorporated into Kano Province.
The new encyclopedia Britannica in 30 volumes by Macropaedia
Publication date 1978
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