TSARIN ZAMAN JAMA'A DA TATTALIN ARZIKI A KASAR HADEJIYA KAFIN ZUWAN TURAWAN MULKIN MALLAKA. (Kashi na 1). Daga Suleiman Ginsau...

Kasar Hadejiya tana da kabilu daban daban, amma duk da haka wannan masarauta a cure take a waje daya. Addinin Musulunci shi ne ya dada hada su da kuma harshen Hausa wadda suke magana da shi a matsayin harshen kasa. Babu wata tababa cewa Addinin Musulunci shine Addinin da mafi yawan jama'a suke bi a wannan masarautar ta Hadejiya. Ka'idoji da dokoki da hukunce-hukuncen Musulunci su ne suke tafiyar da rayuwa da ayyukan mutanen wannan kasa. Addinin Musulunci ya hada kan jama'a kuma ya samar da hanya madaidaiciya ta zaman al-umma. Ta hakane Musulmi masu rinjaye da wadanda ba Musulmi ba marasa rinjaye mazauna kasar Hadejiya kafin mulkin mallaka suna ganin sarkin Hadejiya nada mutukar kima kuma shugaba ne babba duk da yake suna da hakimai da dagatai wadda suke jagorancinsu, Mutanen Hadejiya sukan hadu a kowace shekara su gudanar da bukukuwan Sallah karama da Sallah babba a Hadejiya.

Ta haka al'ummar Hadejiya take cudanya da juna cikin walwala, farin cikin, nishadi, jindadi da annashuwa da sakin fuska. Kuma bisa dukkan alamu, kabilun da suke zaune a Hadejiya sun shiga juna, za'a taras bisa asali, Bahaushe, Bababbare ne, ko Bamange, ko babade, ko kuma bafulatani. Haka dai kabilun kasar Hadejiya suka sarki juna.

Jama'ar da ba Musulmi ba suna karkashin kariya ta wannan masarauta, amma su kuma suna bayar da jizya. Al'adun Hausawa/Fulani Hadejiya suna da babban tasiri na mutanen Gabas wato al'adun Barebari. Akwai misali da yawa da za a iya bayarwa a kan haka, kauki misalin sunayen wasu mukaman sarautu kamar Zangoma da Bulama da Kacallah da Maina (dan Sarki) duka daga wajen Barebari a ka samo su.

Hatta ma bikin Sallar maulidi ana gudanar da shi ne dai-dai yadda Barebari suke yi. Ashe ke nan al'adun Barebari sun yi tasiri. (Sulaiman Ginsau )
Kari a kan wadanan kyawawan huldodi na mutanen Hadejiya a tsakanin junansu, tsarin da masarautar ta bi wajen tafiyar da al'amuranta na mulki ya dada kara wannan dankon zuminci. Tun daga farkon kafuwar daular, Sarkin Hadejiya Malam Sambo ya dora kowace kabila daga cikin kabilun kasar a kan wani mukami na sarauta. Wannan tsari da aka ci gaba da aiwatar da shi, ya sanya jama'ar kasar sun zauna a dunkule tamkar tsintsiya domin kowace kabila ta san tana da wakilci a majalissar wannan masarauta.


Ta fuskar tattalin arzikin kasa kuwa, Hadejiya tana da yalwataccen arziki tare da sana'o'i da masana'antu iri-iri, duk da yake harkokin noma sunfi daukar kaso mai yawa. Magidanci shi ne tushen arziki a tsarin zaman jama'a tare da iyalansa a matysayin masu taimakawa. Talakawa sun tsayu sosai wajen yin noma na lokacin damina da noman fadamu a lokacin rani, sannan kuma kamun kifi da kiwo sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin mazauna kasar Hadejiya. Amfanin gonar da aka fi nomawa sun hada da:-
1. Gero
2. Dawa
3. Shinkafa
4. Wake
5. Masara
6. Gyada
7. Auduga
8. Alkama
9. Ridi da Kankana
10. Rake da sauran kayan lambu kamarsu Timatir da Tatttasai da Taruhu da Rake da sauran kayan lanbu ana noma su ne ta hanyar noman fadama a lokacin rani. Kasar Hadejiya, kamar sauran kasashen wannan nahiya, tana da kyakkyawar kasar noma Gero da Kiwon Dabbobi. Har wa yau kuma wannan yanayin wuri ne mai albarka ya ba da damar aiwatar da wasu sana'o'I kamar su Rini da Saka da Kira da Ginin Tukwane da Jima da Dukanci da Gini da sauransu.


A bangaren saka kuwa kauyen Bangelu wanda yake tsakanin Auyo da Hadejiya ya shahara sosai wajen saka da dinka Rigar Bullamai tare da sauran Rigunan Saki Fari masu inganci. Haka kuma kauyen Hadejia ya yayi suna a sana'ar Rini. Mutanen Hadejiya da suke zaune a daura da kogin Hadejiya sunyi fice a sana'ar Su ta kamun kifi. Haka kuma dajin Hadejiya cike yake da kudan zuma inda ake samun zuma mai tarin yawa. Diban zuma ya zama wata sana'a mai riba ga jama'ar kasar Hadejiya musamman yadda take tallafawa wajen warware matsalolin rayuwar yau da kullum.

Bugu da kari mutanen Hadejiya kamar sauran wurare, sukan sayar da amfanin gona wanda ya yi rara, ta haka suka shiga hada-hadar kasuwancin amfanin gona daga cikin hanyoyin da suka kara habaka Tattalin Arzikin Kasar Hadejiya kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka. Ta wannan hanya masarautar Hadejiya ta zama wata cibiya kuma muhimmiyar mahada ta cinikin kayan amfanin yau da kullum a gabacin kasar Hausa a karni na sha tara (K19). Masarautar ta yi fice wajen fitar da kayayyakin abinci kamar Alkama da Kifi zuwa Kano da wasu wurare, ita kuma sai ta sayo Goro da makamancin abubuwan da masarautar take da bukata. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, mutanen Hadejiya na kasuwancin Rigunan Saki ko Rigunan Fari da Zuma da Kiraga wato (Fatu) da Shanu, su kuma su sayo Gishiri da Dawakai da Kanwa. Ana kuma jin cewa Hadejiya ta zama wata hanya ta fatauci na fataken da suke ratso Sahara zuwa Kano ta yamma da kuma Barebari da Larabawan Fezzan da Azbinawa da Buzaye daga gabas da kuma yamma. Wadannan fataken sukan hadu a kasuwar Hadejiya su gudanar da harkokin cinikayyarsu na kayayyaki kamar Rigunan kano da kanwa da Shanu da Bayi da kayan Yaji (Sulaiman Ginsau).

A wannan lokacin da ake Magana, a Hadejiya akwai manyan kasuwanni guda biyu (2) daya kasuwar an yi ta a wajen ganuwa, an kakkafa rumfunan da kuma masaukai na baki wadanda aka yi don samar da wuraran zama da jin dadin fatake da sauran yan kasuwa. A cikin ganuwa ta birnin Hadejiya akwai wata kasuwa wadda take kula da bukatun mazauna birnin Hadejiya da makwabtanta. Wannan ya nuna cewa bayan kasancewar Hadejiya cibiyar mulkin da ayyukan jin dadi jama'a, haka kuma tana matsayin ingantacciyar cibiya ta kasuwanci. Wannan kasuwa tana karkashin kulawar Zangoma wato Sarkin kasuwa. Zangoma shi ne yake karbar dukkan haraji na wannan kasuwa tare da masu taimka masa.
A dunkule, wannan yayi bayanin Hadejiya a matsayin masarauta ta mulkin jihadi da kuma fito da tsarin zaman jama'arta da tattalin arzikinta kafin mulkin mallaka na turawan ingilashi a kan daular Usmaniyya ta Sakkwato.

An kuma nuna cewa a fanning Siya sa, Hadejiya gari ne na 'yan Boko da 'yan siya sa masu yawan gaske kuma Hadejiya garine na kasuwanci wadda hakan ya sa mutane suna zuwa siyan kayayyaki daga gurare daban-daban, sannan masarautace mai karfi a tsakanin masarautun da suke gabacin kasar Hausa, musamman yadda take tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na makwabtan ta.

Haka kuma nayi wai-waye ta fuskar tsaro ya bayyana cewa Hadejiya kasace jaruma kuma karshen karni na sha tara (K19) sai ta zama kasa mai kyakkawar huldar dangantaka da zama na lumana da abokan taka da sauran masarautu. (Sulaiman Ginsau)

Muhadu a kashi na biyu 2

SARKIN HAƊEJIA ABUBAKAR MAJE HARUNA (1984-2002).

Bayan rasuwar Sarkin Haɗejiya Alhaji Haruna sai aka naɗa Ɗansa Alhaji Abubakar Maje Haruna a matsayin Sarkin Haɗejiya na goma sha biyar (15), A jerin sarakunan Fulani, an naɗashi ranar Juma'a 31st/august/1984. Sai akayi Sarki mai farin jini da hakuri da son mutane, a wajen kyauta kuwa ya kasance mai Alheri tun yana ƙaraminsa. Sarkin Haɗejiya Abubakar kafin zamansa sarki yayi Ayyuka da dama, sannan ya kasance Ɗan kasuwa.

A zamaninsa an samu sauye sauye da dama a ƙasar Haɗejiya, musamman Ɓangaren Ilmin Addini dana zamani Kasuwanci da siyasa. Sarkin Haɗejiya Abubakar Maje ya halarci makarantu da dama inda ya fara halartar makarantar Elementary dake Unguwar Dallah a shekarar 1945, sannan ya tafi makarantar Middle School dake Unguwar fantai a shekarar 1949 zuwa 1952. Haɗejia A yau.

Sarkin Haɗejiya Abubakar ya tafi makarantar T.T.C. Maru dake a Lardin Sokoto a wancan lokacin, ya fara a cikin shekarar 1953 zuwa 1956. Sarkin Haɗejia Abubakar ya koma makarantar horar da ma’aikata dake Potiskum ta jihar Borno, wadda yanzu take a jihar Yobe. Kuma ya fara aikin gwamnati a matsayin Malamin Hakimi a Gundumar Bulangu, sannan ya riƙe muƙamin Magatakarda a majalissar Sarki. Saboda iya mu’amala da son jama’a sai yazama duk inda ka ganshi bazaka ganshi shi kaɗai ba sai da jama’a, hakan ya bashi nasarar gogewa wajen tafiyar da shugabancin jama’a. Haɗejia A yau.

A zamaninsa an samu ci gaba da yawa a ƙasar Haɗejia ta kowane fanni na rayuwa, musamman zaman lafiya da Kwanciyar hankali, sannan an samu bunƙasar garin Haɗejia wajen gine ginen zamani da gina sabin Unguwanni. A zamaninsa aka rushe ƙofar Garin Yamma da ta Arewa aka Gina sabi domin dacewa da zamani sannan aka sake gina Sabi guda uku, an gina ɗaya a Kusa da Kadime ɗaya kuma an ginata a hanyar Gumel da kuma hanyar Nguru. A zamaninsa an gina sha tale-tale (Round about) guda biyu ɗaya a yamma da kofar garin yamma, ɗaya kuma a Titin Tashar mota tsohuwa, sannan anyi sababbin hanyoyin mota a ciki da wajen Haɗejia. A zamaninsa....... Hadejia A yau! A duba littafin Fulani da mulkinsu na Ismaila A Sabo.

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HADEJIA TOWN WALL AND GATES...

HADEJIA A YAU!BY: SULEIMAN GINSAU


HADEJIA TOWN WALLS AND GATES
"Hadejia was a large town with 5 town gates and excellent walls about 30ft (9. 14m) high, and 30ft(9. 14m) thick " ... (Captain Philips 1909) Hadejia Town walls had a long history dating back to the pre-jihad period. The walls were built to provide security to the people, and to serve as fortification against external invasion. Though mostly in ruins now, with a great proportion having completely disappeared, the walls were
intact up to the time of the colonial invasion in 1906.The construction of the walls was done by direct labour using local building materials. Over the years, the walls have been taken subjected to
several phases of development. 

Expansions and reinforcements were made to accommodate a growing population or to enhance security against attack by powerful enemies. The walls were invariably complimented by gates whose history could be linked to that of the walls. The gates provided the only entry points into the town. They
were made extremely strong, thus making it very difficult for an enemy force to break into the town through them. The gates were manned by
gate-keepers or porters (sarakunan kofa)
appointed by the Emir. These keepers used to close the gates everyday from dusk to dawn, thus controlling the movement of people in and out of the town during these periods. Visitors or
strangers were not allowed in unless with the express permission of the Emir. It was reported that one Emir ordered the gates to be left open permanently, confident that no enemy force would dare attack the town.

The first town wall in Hadejia was believed to have been built during the pre-jihad period. Though the exact date of its construction cannot be determined due to lack of proper records, its
perimeter is marked by certain well-known local pits: Mai kilabo in the west, Atafi in the south, and Dallah in the East.

 It was said to be one mile in circumference, and had four gates. The second wall was built by Sarki Sambo in the early years of the Jihad. It was wider than the previous wall,
with its perimeter approximately put at 2 miles 170 yards. It had 5 gates. The present wall, which was the third, was also built during Sambo's reign. It was built at a time when Hadejia was at
the centre of a bitter rivalry between Sokoto caliphate and Borno Empire. As such it was much stronger and wider than the previous walls. An extension to this wall was later made on the
Eastern side during the reign of Sarki Haruna (1865 -1885), encompassing a large space to harbor fugitives from surrounding villages in times of war. The Habe settlement of Fantai, which hitherto was outside the wall, also became sheltered in the new extension. This brought the wall to its present size of 4 miles 135 yards, with 5 gates, namely:
Kofar Gabas (also known as Kofar Gwani),  Kofar Arewa, KofarYamma
Kofar Kyalesu (also Known as Kofar Kogi), Kofar Mandara (also known as Kofar Talata). Apart from the Kofar Mandara gate, which was destroyed by the British in their attempt to gain

entry into Hadejia town in 1906, the other gates are still standing in their original positions. They have, however, undergone several modifications
over the years, the latest being in1985 which saw the total re-construction of Kofar Arewa and Kofar Yamma. The Hadejia town gates now stand as
historical monuments rather than as security outposts.
BY: SULEIMAN GINSAU

A SHORT HISTORY OF GARUN-GABAS.. (BIRAM)

Garun-gabas generally recognised as the ancient Biram, i believe and Bagdaza to be Baghdad. The legend in another form is connected with that of the Origin of the Hausa Bakwai. Mukhtar or Bayajidda was compelled to flee Bornu with his wife, on his Journey west he left her on the road and she gave birth to Biram who founded Garun-gabas. Bayajidda continued his journey to Daura where the well known encounter with the Snake took place and Bayajidda's marriage with the Queen Daurama.

The Town was founded by Arabs from Baghdad, one Mukhtar and his younger brother Biram migrated West and came to Birnin Bornu (Kukawa). The Shehu of Kukawa gave Mukhtar his daughter in marriage and the town of Kulunfardu where he lived until his death. Biram and his younger brother then migrated further West and founded Garun-gabas.

The following is a list of Chiefs of Garun-gabas.

1. BIRAM

2.BOMI... One of the Biram's follower who came with him from Kulunfardu but no relation.

3. TUNKU... Also one of the Biram's followers. The length of time for which these three held the Sarauta unknown.

4. ABDULLAHI. Called Ajab... He ruled for three days and then miraculously disappeared.

5. ASAWA... Thirty years the grandfather of the present Sarkin Gabas, he was deposed by Sambo Diginsa the first Fulani Emir of Hadejia, on account of his son was murdered.

6. MUSA... Nephew of Asawa Eleven years, appointed by Sambo.

7. GAUYAMA... Not of the ruling family fourty years, half way through his reign he became blind.

8. BARWAI... Younger brother of Sambo, Nine years.

9. USMAN... Son of Barwai, Six years he then Emigrated to Shira.

10. GABDO... One year and Emigrated to Katagum. Hadejia A yau.

11. BURMI... A fulani, one year fled to Katagum in terror of Buhari.

12. SARKIYO... One of the Buhari's "Hakimi" Ten years, Buhari then died and was succeeded by Umaru who remove Sarkiyo to Hadejia and made him Barwa.

13. MUHAMMAD BAKO... Son of Asawa and thus descendent to the Original Arab founders, Appointed by Haru Bubba. He held the Sarauta for Two years and then went to Mecca.

14.MUHAMMAD DARINGI... A fulani, seven month deposed by the Emir. By Ismaila A Sabo.

15. TUKUR... Son of Gauyama, after five years of his rule Muhammad Bako returned from Mecca, but leave as a private individual. Muhammad Tukur ruled for another five years and was then deposed by Haru for shaving his wife's head.

16. KANKARAU... A fulani appointed by Haru, but deposed after seven month. Muhammad Tukur Was then reinstalled and rule for seven years when he became blind and was deposed. KANKARAU reinstated but after seven years was again deposed by the Emir Muhammadu for having married seven wives.

The Emir then called in all the man of Garun-gabas to choose their own Chief. They unanimously choose Abubakar son of Muhammad Bako a direct descendant of the original Arab founders. Abubakar at first however persistently refused to accept the honour and on being pressed for a reason, told the Emir that as an Arab who had been to Mecca he could not countenance the perversion of the prophet's laws which was rife in Hadejia. The Emir is then stated to have admitted the Truth of this and on condition that he would take the Sarauta to have promised that he should administer according to the true Law at any rate in Garun-gabas.

Abubakar then became Chief and has been Sarkin Gabas for twenty three years to the present day. The famine in common with other Hadejia District, the famine last year was the cause of considerable mortality chiefly among the children. Hadejia A yau.

Reference--- Assessment reports by K. L. Hall, Assistant District officer Hadejia District Kano Province.14th/July/1915.