TARIHIN SHEIKH JA'AFAR MAHMOOD ADAM

*Tarihin Sheikh Jafar Mahmud
Adam***
An haifi marigayi Sheikh
Ja'afar Mahmoud Adam a
garin Daura, a shekara ta 1962
(ko da yake wani lokacin
yakan ce 1964).
Marigayi Sheikh Ja'afar ya fara
karatunsa na allo a gidansu, a
wurin mijin yayarsa, Malam
Haruna, wanda kuma dan
uwansu ne na jini. Daga nan
kuma sai aka mayar da shi
wajen wani Malam Umaru a
wani gari wai shi Koza,
kimanin kilomita 9 a arewa da
Daura, wanda shi ma akwai
dangantaka ta jini a tsakanin
su, wanda kuma shi ne
musabbabin zuwansa Kano.
Bayan sun zo Kano ne tare da
wannan malami nasa, a
shekara ta 1971 (ko 1972), sai
suka zauna a makarantar
Malam Abdullahi, wanda
asalinsa mutumin jamhuriyar
Nijar ne, amma yake zaune a
unguwar Fagge a Kano. Tun
kafin zuwansu Kano, tuni
marigayi Sheikh Ja'afar ya riga
ya fara haddar Alkur'ani mai
girma, wanda ya kammala a
shekara ta 1978.
Bayan da Malam ya kammala
haddar Alkur'ani mai girma,
kasancewarsa mai sha'awar
ilimi, sai ya shiga makarantu
biyu a lokaci daya a shekara
ta 1980. Ya shiga makarantar
koyon Larabci ta mutanen
kasar Misra a cibiyar yada
al'adun kasar Misra, (Egyptian
Cultural Centre), sannan
kuma ya shiga makarantar
manya da ba su yi boko ba ta
Masallaci Adult Evening
Classes, tunda a lokacin
shekarunsa sun wuce shekaru
na primary, amma duk da
haka a wannan lokaci shi ne
mafi kankanta a ajinsu. Haka
ya rika yin wannan karatu
guda biyu: Waccan
makarantar ya je ta da
daddare bayan sallar isha'i,
waccan kuma ta koyo harshen
larabcin da yamma. Ya
kammala wadannan
makarantu a shekara ta 1983.
Wannan kuma shi ya ba shi
damar shiga makarantar
GATC Gwale a shekara ta
1984, kuma ya kammala a
shekara ta 1988. A shekara ta
1989, malam ya sami gurbin
karatu a jami'ar musulunci ta
Madinah, a inda ya karanta
ilimin tafsiri da Ulumul Kur'an,
wanda kuma ya kammala a
shekara ta 1993. Sannan kuma
Sheikh Ja’afar ya sami damar
kammala karatunsa na digiri
na biyu (Masters) a Jami’ar
Musulunci, A Oundurman Sudan.
Sannan kuma, kafin
rasuwarsa, ya riga ya yi nisa
wajen karatunsa na digiri na
uku, wato digiri da digirgir
(PhD), a Jami’ar Usman Dan
Fodiyo da take Sokoto.
Daga cikin malamansa na
ilimi, akwai malaminsa na
farko, mutumin kasar Masar,
Sheikh Abdul-Aziz Ali al-
Mustafa, da kuma Malam
Nuhu a unguwar Dandago,
wanda malam ya karanci ilimi
fikihun malikiyya da wadansu
littattafai na hadisi a gurinsa,
da kuma Malam Muhammad
Shehu, mutumin Lokoja,
wanda Malam ya karanci
nahawu da sarfu da balaga da
adab a wajensa. Akwai kuma
Sheikh Abubakar Jibrin
limamin masallacin Juma'a na
BUK, akwai kuma Dr. Ahmad
Muhammad Ibrahim shi ma na
jami'ar Bayero ta Kano. Daga
cikin malamansa na jami'a
kuma, akwai Sheikh
Abdurrafi'u da Dr. Khalid
Assabt.
Daga cikin karatuttukan da
malam ya karantar da su, sun
hada da tafsirin Alkur'ani mai
girma, Kitabuttauhiid,
Umdatul Ahkaam, Arba'una
Hadiith, Kashfusshubuhaat,
Bulugul Maraam,
Riyaadussalihiin, Siiratun
Nabawiy, Ahkaamul Janaa'iz,
Siffatus Salaatun Nabiiy.
Wasu daga cikin daliban
malam sun hada da Malam
Rabi'u Umar R/Lemo da
Malam Sani Abdullahi
Alhamidi Dorayi da Malam
Abdullah Usman G/Kaya da
Malam Usman Sani Haruna da
Malam Ibrahim Abdullahi Sani
da Malam Ali Yunus
Muhammad da Dr. Salisu
Shehu da Malam Shehu
Hamisu Kura da Malam Anas
Muhammad Madabo.
Kafin rasuwarsa, malam ya
fara gagarumin aikin rubuce
tafsirinsa a harshen Hausa a
karkashin wannan cibiya
(Sheikh Ja'afar Islamic
Documentation Centre).
Marigayi Sheikh Ja'afar
Mahmoud Adam ya rasu ranar
juma'a 26/Rabii'u Awwal/1428
(13/04/2007) sakamakon harin
da wadansu 'yan ta'adda suka
kai masa, a daidai lokacin da
yake jagorantar sallar asuba a
masallacin Juma'a na Dorayi.
Ya rasu ya bar mata biyu, da
'yaya shida, yayin da aka haifa
masa ta bakwai kwanaki 58
daidai bayan aiwatar da
wannan kisan gilla a kansa.
Dubun-dubatar mutane ne
daga ko'ina cikin kasar nan
suka halarci jana'izarsa, kuma
an binne shi ne a makabartar
Dorayi. Allah ya ji kan sa ya
gafarta masa, ya saka masa
da gidan aljanna. Amin

HADEJIA RULER'S (3)

HADEJIA A YAU

DAGA ISMAILA A SABO!



9. Haru bin Sambo, 1865-1885
With the successful removal of Umaru from power, Haru (Bubba) assumed the emirship of Hadejia.


Haru reigned for 20 years, during which he introduced many far reaching changes in the emirate. He enlarged the wall of Hadejia town to its present size.


He pursued a policy of Islamization of the emirate by opening schools and inviting the Ulama (Islamic Scholars) from other emirates. He was even said to have been in the habit of intercepting many scholars on their way to the holy land and persuading them to settle in Hadejia, in a bid to spread Islamic education.


He was also credited with the re-construction of a much bigger Friday mosque in Hadejia town. In the socio-economic sphere, Emir Haru pursued a policy which attracted foreign traders into Hadejia markets.


He did that by levying lower import duties on certain imports. He waged jihad wars against non¬Muslims areas of Kare-Kare and Bade country, leading to the conquest and subsequent incorporation of the border town of Adiani to Hadejia emirate. Also, it was during Haru's reign that the incessant conflicts between Hadejia and Gumel came to an end with a full blown war at the battle of Zaburam in 1872, in which Sarkin Gumel Jatau was killed.

This success brought to an end the hitherto frequent Hadejia-Gumel wars. Haru died in 1885.

10. Muhammadu bin Haru, 1885-1906 Haru was succeeded by his eldest son Muhammadu, who previously held the titles of Chiroma and Sarkin Marma. Muhammadu, popularly known as Maishahada was an Islamic scholar and a warrior-king who spent most part of his reign fighting wars and battles. His militaristic policies were likened to that of Emir Buhari.

He organized and personally led many battles, including six battles fought in Kare-Kare and Badde country; intervened in the Kano and Katagum civil wars; forcefully seized two neighboring districts of Kano Emirate,
namely Miga and Kwanda, and held them till
the British conquest of Hadejia, when they were returned to Kano.

Finally, he confronted the British forces militarily in the defense of his Emirate. He was killed in the ensuing battle with the British in 1906.

8. Umaru bin Buhari, 1863-1865 With the death of Buhari at the battle field, his son Umaru became the seventh Fulani ruler of Hadejia at the tender age of 18. He assumed the emirship with the active support of Sarkin Arewa Tatagana and Sarkin Yakin Hadejia Jaji, the two most powerful and trusted slave officials of Buhari. The Caliph in Sokoto approved his appointment in a desperate move to get Hadejia back to the Caliphate fold. Umaru reigned for two years only. But those were eventful years indeed. Haru, his uncle, had his eye on the throne, and was secretly plotting against Emir Umaru. Tatagana and Jiji, Umaru's most loyal and powerful supporters, were first eliminated as part of the grand plot to get Umaru deposed. Subsequently, when Umaru went out on one of his usual pleasure rides to the Hadejia river side; he was deserted by a conspiratorial entourage and refused entry back into Hadejia town. Umaru made good his escape to Kano emirate; he took refuge in chamo, Kano Emirate, where he lived for the rest of his life, and died in 1920.

HADEJIA RULER'S (2)

5. Abdulkadir bin Sambo, 1847 – 1848 As soon as Emir Garko died in 1847, Sambo sought for another permission from Sokoto to appoint Chiroma Abdulkadir (Kade) as the Emir of Hadejia. Approval was given and Abdulkadir was installed to succeed Garko. One year after his accession to the throne Emir Abdulkdir died in 1848. His reign, like that of his predecessor, was short but, unlike it, was tumultuous, with desperate fighting between Hadejia, Machina and Damagaram.

It is said that Sambo then return to the throne after the death of Abdulkadir in order to ensure the appointment of Ahmadu as the new Emir of Hadejia, as opposed to Chiroma Garba Buhari.

6. Buhari bin Sambo, 1848 – 50 and 1851 – 1863 Abubakar Buhari bin Muhammad Sambo Digimsa was the 4th Emir of Hadejia in the post jihad years. His reign was the most turbulent and indeed best remembered in the history of Hadejia. Sambo died in 1848and Buhari, at the death bed of his father, schemed to get all the instruments of power transferred to him rather than to Ahamadu whom Sambo favoured to become the Emir after his death. Although Buharisucceeded to the Emirship of Hadejia by default, his accession was subsequently approved by Sokoto. No sooner had Buhari assumed the Emirship of Hadejia than he had his cousin, Nalara Sarkin Auyo, killed - a cruel act which gave authorities in Sokoto the grounds they had been looking for to remove Buhari from the throne.

Consequently in 1850, having failed to remove Buhari via diplomatic means, the Caliph ordered the Wazirin Sokoto, backed by forces from Katagum, to install Buhari's brother, Ahamadu, as the new Emir of Hadejia Emirate, by force if necessary. Ahamadu was thus installed in 1850, and Buhari retired to Machina area only to bounce back a year later. In 1851, after mobilizing considerable forces and resources, Buhari returned to Hadejia to confront his brother. Ahamadu's forces, even with the backing of a contingent from Katagum, were routed by Buhari outside Hadejia, and Ahamadu was killed in the battlefield without much difficulty. Buhari thus resumed the Emirship of Hadejia against the will of the authorities in Sokoto. This act marked the beginning of the Buhari revolt. For fifteen years Buhari remained a rebel, and pulled Hadejia Emirate out of the Caliphate, defying all attempts to get the Emirate back into the Caliphate fold. One of the most notable acts of defiance of Buhari against the Sokoto authorities was the encounter at Kaffur village.

In 1853, the Caliphate organized the most elaborate expedition against Buhari in order to once and for all put a stop to his increasingly rebellious behaviour. All the major emirates of the Caliphate were drafted into this endeavour which had by then assumed an air of desperation. Apart from Sokoto itself, there were contingents from Zaria, Kano, Katagum, Bauchi, as well as Gombe, Misau and Jama'are. The force, which was one of the largest ever to be assembled to quell an internal rebellion within the Caliphate, rendezvoused in Kano from where it moved on Hadejia, camping at Kaffur village about ten kilometers south of Hadejia town. However, Buhari did not stay around to be besieged in his palace, but instead intercepted the contingent and launched a surprise attack against it.

The allied forces of the Caliphate were comprehensively defeated in a battle that was something of a "walkover" for Buhari and a serious embarrassment and set back to the Caliphate. In fact, a 19th century Kano historian referred to the battle of Kaffur as the origin of Hadejia's greatness, "as from then onwards Hadejia was renowned in war" (Ja'afar in Palmer's papers).That encounter further underlined Buhari's independence, with Hadejia remaining outside the control of the Caliphate and becoming an expansionist military power in the eastern part of the Caliphate till 1863 when Buhari died in a campaign against Bedde land (for details see (Wakili, 1989/94).

Some of the areas which suffered from Buhari's incessant raids included Miga, Kwanda, Sankara, Ringim and Gabasawa in Kano emirate, as well as several villages in Katagum, Misau, Jama'are, and Gumel territories.

7. Ahamadu bin Sambo, 1850-1851 Ahamadu was the seventh emir of Hadejia in the Fulani dynasty. As indicated above he was installed by Sokoto after Buhari was forced to withdraw from the emirate. His reign was very short and unsettled as the looming threat of Buhari never allowed him to have the required tranquility to contribute to the development of the emirate. In 1851 Buhari fought his way back to the Hadejia throne.

HADEJIA!

5. Abdulkadir bin Sambo, 1847 – 1848
As soon as Emir Garko died in 1847, Sambo
sought for another permission from Sokoto
to appoint Chiroma Abdulkadir (Kade) as the
Emir of Hadejia. Approval was given and
Abdulkadir was installed to succeed Garko.
One year after his accession to the throne
Emir Abdulkdir died in 1848. His reign, like
that of his predecessor, was short but,
unlike it, was tumultuous, with desperate
fighting between Hadejia, Machina and
Damagaram. It is said that Sambo then
return to the throne after the death of
Abdulkadir in order to ensure the
appointment of Ahmadu as the new Emir of
Hadejia, as opposed to Chiroma Garba
Buhari, who as Chiroma, was the heir
apparent, and much more popular than
Ahmadu, but was perceived by his father as
too troublesome and dangerous to be
allowed on the throne.
6. Buhari bib Sambo, 1848 – 50 &1851 –
1863
Abubakar Buhari bin Muhammad Sambo
Digimsa was the 4th Emir of Hadejia in the
post jihad years. His reign was the most
turbulent and indeed best remembered in
the history of Hadejia. Sambo died in
1848and Buhari, at the death bed of his
father, schemed to get all the instruments of
power transferred to him rather than to
Ahamadu whom Sambo favoured to become
the Emir after his death. Although
Buharisucceeded to the Emirship of Hadejia
by default, his accession was subsequently
approved by Sokoto. No sooner had Buhari
assumed the Emirship of Hadejia than he
had his cousin, Nalara Sarkin Auyo, killed - a
cruel act which gave authorities in Sokoto
the grounds they had been looking for to
remove Buhari from the throne.
Consequently in 1850, having failed to
remove Buhari via diplomatic means, the
Caliph ordered the Wazirin Sokoto, backed
by forces from Katagum, to install Buhari's
brother, Ahamadu, as the new Emir of
Hadejia Emirate, by force if necessary.
Ahamadu was thus installed in 1850, and
Buhari retired to Machina area only to
bounce back a year later. In 1851, after
mobilizing considerable forces and
resources, Buhari returned to Hadejia to
confront his brother. Ahamadu's forces,
even with the backing of a contingent from
Katagum, were routed by Buhari outside
Hadejia, and Ahamadu was killed in the
battlefield without much difficulty. Buhari
thus resumed the Emirship of Hadejia
against the will of the authorities in Sokoto.
This act marked the beginning of the Buhari
revolt. For fifteen years Buhari remained a
rebel, and pulled Hadejia Emirate out of the
Caliphate, defying all attempts to get the
Emirate back into the Caliphate fold. One of
the most notable acts of defiance of Buhari
against the Sokoto authorities was the
encounter at Kaffur village. In 1853, the
Caliphate organized the most elaborate
expedition against Buhari in order to once
and for all put a stop to his increasingly
rebellious behaviour. All the major emirates
of the Caliphate were drafted into this
endeavour which had by then assumed an
air of desperation. Apart from Sokoto itself,
there were contingents from Zaria, Kano,
Katagum, Bauchi, as well as Gombe, Misau
and Jama'are. The force, which was one of
the largest ever to be assembled to quell an
internal rebellion within the Caliphate,
rendezvoused in Kano from where it moved
on Hadejia, camping at Kaffur village about
ten kilometers south of Hadejia town.
However, Buhari did not stay around to be
besieged in his palace, but instead
intercepted the contingent and launched a
surprise attack against it. The allied forces of
the Caliphate were comprehensively
defeated in a battle that was something of a
"walkover" for Buhari and a serious
embarrassment and set back to the
Caliphate. In fact, a 19th century Kano
historian referred to the battle of Kaffur as
the origin of Hadejia's greatness, "as from
then onwards Hadejia was renowned in
war" (Ja'afar in Palmer's papers).That
encounter further underlined Buhari's
independence, with Hadejia remaining
outside the control of the Caliphate and
becoming an expansionist military power in
the eastern part of the Caliphate till 1863
when Buhari died in a campaign against
Bedde land (for details see Wakili, 1989/94).
Some of the areas which suffered from
Buhari's incessant raids included Miga,
Kwanda, Sankara, Ringim and Gabasawa in
Kano emirate, as well as several villages in
Katagum, Misau, Jama'are, and Gumel
territories.