ELLEMAN TIJJANI.

HADEJIA A YAU!

When Umar Futi died his son Ahmadu Shehu (from the union with Satiru) became Sarkin Tijjani, or king of the whole western Fulani empire extending from Kayes on the Senegal to Aribinta in the East, and Segu became the capital. Eventually Ahmadu changed his capital to Nioro, and his son Ahmadu Madaniyo remained as his representative in Segu. Both Ahmadu Shehu and Ahmadu Madaniyo refused to allow tree passage for French traders, and in about 1893 French pressure caused them to flee to the east. It took two years to reach Sokoto, and there Ahmadu Shehu died, to be succeeded by his brother, Bashiru.

 

According to colonial records, Bashiru started on a pilgrimage to Mecca, but on reaching the Emirate of Misau, Amadu, the father of the present Emir of Misau, persuaded him to stay and gave him a town. Subsequently the Sarkin Musulmi arrived in his fight from the British and Bashiru followed him to Burmi, where he was captured and then taken to Lokoja. Mr. Temple, Resident Bauchi, made Ahmadu Madaniyo to be Sarkin Tijjani, but after the encounter at Burmi, the Tejani scattered in all directions and settled in different parts of the country. Ahmadu Madaniyo went with a few followers to Hadejia where he was given a town Dakkayawa by the Sarkin Hadejia.

Many contemporary Kano mallams believe that the flight of Bashiru from Sokoto to Misau by way of Kano was the first major contact of Kano with Tijaniyya followers. Colonial records suggest that both Sokoto and Kano gave the refugees a warm welcome. According to oral testimony, however, both the Kano and Sokoto rulers were very much afraid of the refugees, for they were numerous and well armed. The contemporary successors to Bashiru, who live in Hadejia, maintain that he did not even stop at Kano but followed a course between Zaria and Kano."

When Ahmadu Shehu reached Sokoto he is reported to have had seven sons with him; Bashiru also is reported to have had seven sons with him. The sons of Bashiru, except Dahiru and Tijani, were to die before the battle of Burmi; these two surviving sons were exiled to Lokoja with Bashiru. Ahmadu Madaniyo did not oppose the British and after Burmi was given land in Hadejia at Yalleman, where he settled with about 200 families. The descendants of this group are still living there. Tijani followers who actively opposed the British at Burmi fled to a place in Sudan near Khartoum (a village called Sennar), by way of Nahud and El-Obeid. Descendants who fled to Sudan are still settled there under the leadership of Aliyu b. Usman.

According to Isa Warure of Kano, "When Ahmadu came to Nigeria from French territory, he went to Sokoto, but was refused entry. This was probably because Ahmadu was well equipped with guns and a powerful army. The people of Sokoto were afraid of him. Therefore the Tijani people went to a place in Sokoto province called Mai Kulki, where they lived until Ahmadu died. Then the people of Ahmadu came to Kano where they asked Emir Abbas if they could have land. Again they were refused, so they went to the Emir of Hadejia, Mai Shahada, where they were received and given a place called Yelleman. 

The leader of the Tijani at this time was Ahmadu Madani. His descendants still lead the Tijaniyya in Hadejia. This settlement was quite large and was built on the banks of the river Dakayyawa. Some of the Tijani did not stop in Hadejia, but went on to the Sudan, to a place called Sennar Taqāțțu on the banks of the River Nile, near Khartoum. They called their village Dar-es Salam. They still live there" interview, Kano November 1, 1964; Hausa).

According to Muhammad Ghali, Sarkin Tijaniyya, "The trip from Sokoto to Hadejia took eight years. When the refugees had arrived in Sokoto they included about 60 chiefs, each with several hundred followers. They did not ask to stay in Sokoto because they intended to settle in Mecca. From Sokoto they did not come to Kano, but followed a route between Kano and Zaria. One representative from Sokoto accompanied them on the journey. The emir of Zaria said they could not enter Zaria; they had no communication with the emir of Kano. The actual route from Sokoto to Hadejia was as follows: From Sokoto to Gusau [Sokoto Province] to Garko [Kano Province] to Gaya [Kano Province] to Darajiya [Bauchi Province] to Bisirka [Bauchi Province] to Darazu [Bauchi Province to Wura-Dugga [Bauchi Province] to Jego [Bauchi Province] where they spent two years to Misau [Misau emirate] to Nafada [Gombe Emirate] to Hashidu [Bauchi Province] to Gungura [Bauchi Province] to Hadejia [Kano Province]" (interview, Yelleman, Hadejia, May 12, 1965, Hausa).

The contemporary Tijani community in Yalleman exists as an enclave of about 500 to 1000 families mainly traders, farmers, and mallams-under the leadership of Sarkin Tijaniyya Muhammad Ghali b. Umar, a grandson of Ahmadu Shehu. Contact is maintained between Yalleman and Senegalese. Umarian Tijaniyya, and also with the Traditional Tijaniyya of Zaria and with Reformed Tijaniyya of Kano. The emirs of Hadejia were initiated into Tijaniyya in the twentieth century (they are reported to have been sympathetic to Mahdiyya in the late nineteenth century) and are of the Umarian persuasion. The major center of Umarian Tijaniyya in northern Nigeria in the nineteenth century was Adamawa, which was partly due to the influence of Raji. These same Umarian areas were among those that came to follow Mahdiyya.

The lines of Umarian succession to authority in Kano Province (Hadejia) have been dynastic, and the Umarian community has come to be associated primarily with those who had some kin or disciple relationship with Umar. The link that Umar represents with the Jihad leadership, however, has been of major importance to the twentieth century legitimization of a "northern religious community" composed of both Tijaniyya and Qadiriyya. 

Reference… Religion and political culture in Kano by Paden, John N. Publication date 1973. 

FURYAN HADEJIA...

HADEJIA A YAU!

TARIHIN FURYAWA

1.0 JADAWALIN WANDA SUKA RIKE SARAUTAR

 1. Furya Sakaina

(1760 – 1804)

2. Furya Muhammad Tsangwai
(1804 - 1810)

3. Furya Muhammad Ganuwa
 (1810 – 1856)

4. Furya Muhammad Babaru
 (1856 – 1860)

5. Furya Abubakar Sadik (1860 - 1906)

6. Furya Muhd Sani Babale (1906 - 1940)

7. Furya Muhd Tukur (1940 - 1946)

8. Furya Usman Kunkun (1946 - 1950)

9. Furya Muhd Mustapha (1950 - 1958)

10. Furya Abdullahi Tukur (1958 - 1997) 

11. Furya Muhd Danyaro (1997 - 2020). 

12. Furya Abdullahi Muhd (2020 to date).

2.0 TARIHI DA ASALIN FURYAWA

Asalin Furyawa fulani ne na kasar Borno wato Fulata Borno, ance mutanen kasar Machina ne wadda take Jihar Yobe a yanzu, mutane ne wanda suka kware a yaki sosai. Dalilin da yasa suka yiwo kaura daga inda suke shine, shugabansu wanda akafi sani da Sakaina dan Sarki ne bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa ya nemi sarauta a maimakon a bashi sai aka bawa kaninsa, a sakamakon haka ya debi magoya bayansa suka dawo wani gari da ake cewa Rinde. Furya tare da wani bufulatani ana ce masa Gurunde (shima da Jama’arsa) sune fulanin farko da suka fara zama a Rinde kuma Furya shine shugabansu wato ma’ana Furya Sakaina shine ya kafa garin Rinde shine kuma kamar Sarkin su a wannan lokacin.

Bayan rasuwar sarki Umaru Furyawa sun baro Rinde sun dawo Hadejia ta yau. A sakamakon gayyata da Sambo yayi musu bayan ya gaji dan uwansa Umaru a sarauta sun kafa gidansu ko unguwarsu dab da ganuwar Hadejia ta gabas kuma ana kiran wajen da unguwar Furya a yanzu kuma ‘Yan koli. 

Hakazalika, akwai ahali da ‘yayan ‘yanuwan Furya da suka rungumi sana’ar yaki bayan barinsu kasar Machina, shahararre a cikinsu shine Dan Furya wanda ya taya sarkin Gumel Habu Nakata yaki a garin kanyar maikaho ya kori shararren mayakin nan wato Danwaire. Daga baya sarkin Gumel ya bashi sarautar garin magajiya ta kasar Gumel a yanzu haka akwai hakimi da ake kira dan Furya a Gumel. Bayan nan Dan Furya ya koma Kano wajen sarkin Kano Alu yaci gaba da tayashi yaki, shima ya nadashi sarauta a garin Ringim bayan ya mutu dansa Musa ya gajeshi. A yanzu haka ana kiran dagacin Katutu ta garin Ringim da Dan-Furya, hakazalika akwai sunan unguwa Dan Furya House a Katutu Primary School Ringim.

         3.0 DANGANTAKAR FURYAWA           DA GIDAN SARAUTAR FULANIN HADEJIA

Lokacin da Umaru ya baro dan uwansa Sambo a Taurako (Digimsa) sai yayi yamma bai zame ko’ina ba sai Rinde. Furya da Gurunde sune shuwagabannin garin wato manyan Rinde sune suka bashi gida a tsakaninsu wato kowannesu ya matsa shi kuma yayi gida a tsakiyarsu. Daganan ya koma wurin Sambo ya dauko matarsa tare da shanunsa da sauran dabbobi.

Lokacin da Umaru ya kira sauran ‘yan uwansa Fulani yayi musu maganar kaiwa caffa ga Shehu Usman Danfodia sai suka nuna masa suna tsoron wulakancin sarkin Auyo Jibrin Uban Nalara, bugu da kari kuma sun shagalta da sha’anin kiwon shanunsu da sauran dabbobi. Asakamakon haka Umaru yace musu to ni zanyi aike wajen Shehu.

Umaru ya tura mutum shida Sokoto wajen Shehu Usman Danfodio, mutanen sun hada da: (1) Furya (Shugaban tawaga) (2) Gurunde  (3) Zatanku (Bawansa ne) sai kuma sauran Rindawa mutum uku wanda ba’a fadi sunansu ba.

Bayan sunje sun isar da sakon Umaru wajen Shehu sai Shehu yace na karbi caffarsa saboda haka ga tuta kukai masa. Ya kuma ce su fada masa idan yaje kowane gari ya daga tutar da ikon Allah zasu yarda dashi su kuma bishi. Da suka dawo daga Sokoto suka zo da sakonnan na Shehu ga Umaru. Sai Umaru ya sake tara Fulani yace dasu “Ga Furya da Gurunde da zatanku da mutum uku mutanen gari dana aikesu wurin Shehu sun dawo amma sunzo mini da tutar Musulunci” Bayan ya fada musu sakon Shehu daganan suka fara fita Jihadi zuwa makwabtan garuruwa kamarsu Akurya, Asuwari, Abartayin, Tashena da dai sauransu duka tare da Furya, Rindawa da sauran Fulani ‘yan uwansa.

Bayan rasuwar sarkin Fulani Umaru sai aka aikawa Shehu labarin rasuwar. Shehu Usman ya turo wazirin Sokoto domin yazo yayi ta’aziyya ya kuma nada sabon sarki. Lokacin da yazo ya sauka ne a Rinde garin da sarki Fulani Umaru yake zaune. Fulani suka taru waziri yayi musu ta’aziyya amma a lokacin Sambo bai samu labarin zuwan waziri ba yanacan Mairakumi inda gonarsa take.

Da waziri ya kwana bakwai sai yace wa su Furya (Rindawa) a aikawa Fulani suzo don muyi shawara dasu akan wanda za’a zaba ya zama shugaba (wato sarki). Bayan duka sun hallara sai furya da jama’arsa suka lura Sambo kanin Umaru baya cikin wadannan manyan fulanin, kuma ba’a kula a kirashi bama, saboda haka cikin dare sai Furya, Gurunde da mutum biyu suka tafi wurin Sambo a sirrance suka ce masa yazo su tafi Rinde saboda anyi baki daga Sokoto, sai Sambo yace musu “mezanyi idan naje?” suka dai matsa masa suka kuma nuna masa rashin jin dadinsu kasancewarsa baya wajen, ganin ransu ya sosu shine ya amince ya biyosu Rinde, da isowarsu garin suka shiga gidajensu ta kusfa (A boye) saboda basa son agane sune suka kirashi, shi kuma ya biyo ta kofar gari ya iske su waziri da sauran manyan Fulani a rumfar kofar masallaci.

Da zuwansa sai Jimagara (Kawun Sambo) yace da waziri, “To ga wanda muke jira yazo, amma fa bamu aika masa yazo ba amma gashi Allah ya kawoshi” (saboda basu san su Furyane suka kirashi ba). Da jin haka sai waziri ya fidda takardu na kuri’a guda goma wanda Shehu ya bashi saboda gudun rigima. A takaice dai Allah ya taimaki Sambo yaci kuri’ar zama sarki, waziri kuma ya koma Sokoto yayiwa Shehu Usman bayani.

3.1 DANGANTAKAR AURATAYYA

Haka zalika, tarihi ya nuna akwai dangantakar auratayya tsakanin Umaru da Furyawa. Furya Tsangwai ya aurawa sarkin Fulani Umaru ‘Yarsa kuma sun haifi diya mace tare wadda aka sa mata suna Gabdo. Ita kuma Gabdo ta auri sarki Garko dan Sambo sun haifi ‘ya wadda ake kira da Maryam (Furatu).

4.0 ASALIN SARAUTAR FURYA DA AIKIN SU A MASARAUTAR HADEJIA

Kalmar Furya sunane na wasu Ahali ko haula a kasar Machina (kamar yadda bayani ya gabata). Sunan Furya ya zama sarauta a kasar Hadejia tun lokacin da Furya Tsangwai kanin Sakaina ya nada sarkin Fulani Umaru sarki bayan Shehu Usman Danfodio ya basu tutar musulunci da Jahadi. An zabi Furya ya nada sarki Umaru sakamkon shine shugaba a Rinde bugu da kari shine ya jagoranci tafiya Sokoto karbo tuta wajen Shehu Usman Danfodio. Tun daga wannan lokaci zuri’ar gidan Furya suke nada sarki a Hadejia harya zuwa yau. A sakamakon haka ake kiran duk wani mai nada sarki a Hadejia Furya. Haka zalika bayan sarki Sambo ya hau gadon sarauta ya sake tabbatar da sarautar furya ma’ana furya tana daya daga cikin manya-manyan sarautu tara da ya fara yi, sarautun kuwa sune:

1.     Sarkin Auyo (Yusufu, Kaninsa)

2.     Garko (Ciroma, Babban Dansa)

3.     Furya (Rindawa)

4.     Galadima (Mangawa)

5.     Madaki (Fulanin Sambo)

6.     Ma’aji (Fulanin Damagaran)

7.     Maidala (Auyokawa)

8.     Sarkin Yara (Fulanin Sambo)

9.     Sarkin Wanzamai (Auyokawa)

A takaice aikin Furyawa a masarautar Hadejia shine nada sabon sarki da hakimansa idan bukatar hakan ta taso, a sabili da haka ake yiwa Furya kirari da “Duk Mainan (Dan sarki) daka dafa kansa ya taka gacci”. Yana da kyau a sani, a tarihin Hadejia Furya shine kadai wanda sarki yake nadawa da hannunsa.

Bayan haka, yaki yana daga cikin aikin Furyawa a kasar Hadejia, sune akan gaba idan yaki ya tashi sabili da kasancewarsu jarumai kuma yakin sana’arsu ce, a sakamakon haka ake musu kirari da “Bahago tausa dama, jinni tsar Bahago”.

5.0 JADAWALIN MUTANEN DA SUKA RIKE SARAUTAR FURYA DA SHEKARUN DA SUKA YI

Furya Sakaina shine ya fara yin sarki ko shugaba a garin Rinde, a kiyasi ya kafa garin Rinde wajajen shekarar 1740 wanda sun zauna ne a karkashin mulkin sarkin Auyo. Bayan rasuwarsa sai Furya Muhammadu Tsangwai ya karba, shine Furya na farko daya fara nada sarki Umaru a matsayin sarkin Fulani bayan sun karbo tutar musulunci daga wajen Shehu Usman Danfodio, ya fara sarauta daga (1804 – 1810).

Bayan rasuwarsa sai Dansa Muhammadu Ganuwa ya gajeshi a shekarar (1810 – 1856) Furya Muhammadu ya samu lakabin Ganuwa ne a sakamakon jagorantar ginin ganuwar Hadejia da yayi. Sarki Sambo ya dora masa alhakin kula da aikin ginin, ance shine mai alhakin yankawa kowane gida iya ginin da zasu yi sannan ya kula da aikin. Haka zalika tarihi ya nuna furya Ganuwa yayi fice a fagen jarumta da sanin dabarar yaki kasancewarsa barde, ya halarci yaki da dama tare da sarki Sambo. Hakazalika ya nuna bajinta da kwarewa a lokacin da akayi yaki da Katagum a zamanin sarkin Hadejia Buhari, sabili da irin bajintar daya nuna sarki Buhari yayi masa kyautar Gandun noma a gabas da Hadejia wanda ya fara tun daga kofar gari ta gabas har zuwa tandanu, ana kiran gandun Gudarin Furya.

Bayan rasuwar furya Ganuwa sai dansa Muhammadu Babaru (Furya Babaru) ya gajeshi daga shekarar (1856 – 1860). Bayan rasuwarsa ne ‘ya’yansa Guda Biyar suka gajeshi daya-bayan-daya, kuma ya rasune kafin zuwan turawa.

Babban dansa Abubakar Sadiq (Furya Sadi) ya gajeshi a shekarar (1860 – 1906) ya kwashe shekara arba’in da shida yana sarautar Furya yayi mutuwar shahada tare da sarki Muhammadu Maishahada a yakin turawa da akayi a 1906. An kawo sunansa a wakar da akayi ta shahadar Hadejiawa wadda Alhaji Ibrahim Katala ya rubuta a baiti na 32 inda yake cewa “Furyan Hadejia shi da Bori na Salihu kofar gabas suka fadi nan aka cim musu”.

Bayan shahadarsa sai kaninsa Furya Muhd Sani Babale ya gajeshi daga shekarar (1906 – 1940). Bayan rasuwar furya Babale sai Dan’uwansa Furya Muhd Tukur (Furya Tukur) ya gajeshi daga shekarar (1940 – 1949).

Bayan rasuwar furya Tukur sai kaninsa Usman Kunkun ya gajeshi ya fara daga shekara ta (1949 – 1950). Bayan rasuwar Furya Kunkun sai aka bawa kaninsa Muhd Mustafa sarauta, ya fara daga shekara ta (1950 – 1958).

Bayan rasuwar Furya Muntsafa sai aka nada dan dan uwansa Furya Abdullahi Tukur sarauta (Furya Tumalle). Ya fara sarauta daga shekara ta (1958 – 1997). Bayan rasuwar Furya Abdullahi sai dansa Furya Muhammadu Abdullahi Danyaro ya gajeshi a shekara ta 1997 wanda shine akan gadon sarauta a yanzu.

A takaice aikin Furya a masarautar Hadejia shine nada sabon sarki da kuma hakimansa. Kuma yanada kyau a sani, a tarihin Hadejia Furya shi kadaine wanda sarki yake nadawa da hannunsa idan sarautar ta fado. 

Ismaila Muhammad Danyaro. 

References

1.     Tarihin (Fulanin) Hadejia by Ma’aji Amar for Hadejia N.A (1956).

2.     Kasar Hadejia by Muhammad Ilallah for Hadejia N.A (1956)

3.     Three Nigerian Emirates: A study of oral history. (Victor N. Low, 1965 P. 134).

4.     Verbal interview with Furya Abdu, Baba Ubali, Baban Juji and many more among elders of the family.

5.     Kano daga Garko “Tarihin sarautar Kano” by Muhd Uba Adamu, Najib Hussain Adamu, Prof. Muhd Sa’idu Gusau.

6.     Kano history and culture bureau Archive.