HADEJIA EMIRATE NATIVES TRIBE. BY O. TEMPLE.

HADEJIA A YAU!

HADEJIA EMIRATE

AUTHORITY : Mr. A. Campbell-Irons.

The Emirate of Hadejia contains an area of 2,768 square miles, and is divided into six districts. It is situated to the north-east of Katagum, in the Northern Division. It is a disputed point whether in the tenth century Hadejia or Biram formed one of the seven Hausa States. In the Kano Chronicle there is a mention that the son of the Sarkin Machina Algalfati came to Kano in the reign of Yakubu Bin Abdullahi (1452-63) and was made Chief over Hadejia, with the title of Sarkin Gabbas.

It became a Fulani Emirate in the time of the Jihad, Sambo receiving a flag from Othman Dan Fodio. His elder son Buhari made himself King in defiance of the Sarkin Musulmi's edict in favour of his younger brother; and, obtaining the support of the Sarkin Bornu, defeated all opponents. His reign was one long succession of wars and he was finally killed in battle at Gorguram about 1863.

Hadejia sent in submission to the British in 1903. In 1904 the British occupied the country, but the eights Chief opposed their advent and was overthrown and killed in 1906, and Haruna appointed in his place. He died in 1909, and was succeeded by the Chiroma Abdul Kadri. In that same year the Beiyut-el-Mal was started.

The population number some 115,448, and consists of Kanuri, Fulani, Auyokawa, Maguzawa from Kano, Koyamawa, Beddawa, Ngizimawa, Mangawa. There is a town of historic interest in Hadeija named Garin Gabbas, but which in old times bore the name of Biram, which was originally of great influence. It was founded by Arabs from Bagadaza or Baghdad. One Muktari, or Abayajidd, (Abu-yazid) with his younger brother Biram, migrated west until they reached Birnin Bornu (Kukawa), where the Shehu gave Muktari a town and his daughter in marriage. Muktari was presently compelled to flee, but left his wife on the road, where she gave birth to Biram, who founded Garin Gabbas, Muktari continuing his journey as far as Daura, where he slew the celebrated serpent and married the Queen. Another version of the legend is that it was Biram, the younger brother, who founded Garin Gabbas. A descendant of this Arab family still reigns as Chief.

Hadejia Tribe……

AUYOKAWA.

Capt. J. M. Fremantle. Mr. K. L. Hall.

The origin of the Auyokawa, Shirawa and Teshenawa is identical. Three men of the above names, variously described as Margi, or as coming from Bagirimi territory, east of the Shari, founded three towns about the year 1211 A.D. The date is, however, disputed. Local tradition supplies the names and approximate length of reign of twenty-five Chiefs, descendants of Awuya, which would bring his advent to the year 1346 A.D., whilst another authority gives 1400 A.D. as the probable date. 

In the reign of Jibrin, 1780-1820 A.D., the Fulani came.......... 

BEDDAWA

Beddawa or Bedde, originating from a town called Badr, east of Bagirimi. 

A large number of Bedde, perhaps as many again, are scattered through the Shehurate under various headmen. There are two Bedde villages in the Emirate of Hadejia, and individuals are scattered in some Ngizim villages, and they have one town- ship in the Katagum Emirate, whence the following notes have been collected.* These Bedde claim to have migrated from Asben and to be of the same stock as those in Bornu, but they have different facial markings, and certain dialectical differences have arisen. On the birth of a child the mother's friends bring her corn, pepper, salt, cow-heels, fish, and the pods of dorowa and kimba trees. Seven days after birth the child is named, if a boy after his father or uncle. He is washed in water stolen from another man's house, so that he may be thus early initiated into the business of robbery, which, together with hunting, was a man's main occupation. When a man wishe to marry he pays the parents of the bride 100,000 cowries if she dislikes him the money is returned. Inter- course is often held without marriage. The houses are built in one piece, and all the family live in the same compound. There are no granaries, for the grain is buried, and may be left without deterioration for several years. They eat quantities of dried fish and honey, and to the former attri- bute the fact that they suffer little blindness, though it is worthy of remark that they are very cleanly in their habits. The flesh of dogs and pigs is consumed, the animals usually having their throats cut, but they will eat cattle that have died a natural death. Native beer is largely drunk. A large cylindrical drum was formerly used in time of war. When it was beaten, men, women and children would remain to fight to the death. The weapons in common use were bows and arrows, swords and spears. Shields were used for...... 

MANGA. (MANGAWA)

AUTHORITY : Mr. P. A. Benton.

Manga is a contraction of the name Madinga, but it has been universally adopted for seventy years. They were probably an indigenous race who were conquered by the Kanuri. Recently they suffered much from Rabeh's invasion, but took advantage of it to drive the Kanuri out from the Alanjurori district (Geidam) where they had themselves been settled since circ. 1650 A.D. ; but in five years time the Kanuri returned. The Manga now intermarry with the Kanuri, but not with the Kanembu. * Also used by dancers of Sarkin Kaiama and Sarkin Borgu. 

They accepted British administration at once, but proved trouble some for a few years. They are under a district-head responsible to the Shehu, They are a tall, heavily framed and vigorous race, who were originally hunters, par excellence, they discovered salt and potash, which they now work, farm, fish, dye, weave and plait grass. The majority of the tribe inhabit large territories north of Lake Chad and of the Yo River, but there are a few in the Emirates of Katagum, Hadejia and Gumel, and some..... 

NGIZIM. (NGIZMAWA)

AUTHORITIES :Capt. J. M. Fremantle. Capt. J. ff. Hopkinson.

The Ngizim are an offshoot of the Bedde, who came from Birnin-Bedr, south-west of Mecca, in the time of the Prophet (see history of Bussa and-Illo). The main body, some 12,000 Ngizim, are settled in Bornu. About the year 1700 A. D., they, were living a few miles west of Birni Gazerogomo when the Fulani raided and captured that town the Ngizim consequently migrated to Kanuri and thence to Potiskum, where they conquered the Keri-Keri. Some remained in the Geidam Division, whence they were driven out by the Shehu Omar some sixty years ago, but returned not long after. A few are settled in the Bedde Independent district., and a small number trekked westwards to Hadejia and Katagum. 

In Bornu they have the reputation of being a drunken, backward people, and pagans. In Potiskum the soil is poor, but farming is the principal occupation, and flocks of sheep and goats are kept. There are a small number of traders, but they will never go eastwards. The following notes are concerning the Hadejia Ngizim, many of whom have adopted the Muhammadan religion, and whose customs have evidently been modified by that civilising influence, though they will still sometimes eat cattle that have not 

TEJANI FULANI (TIJJANAI)

The Tejani Fulani settled in the country lying between the Gambia and Senegal Rivers, north of Futajello, where they intermarried with the Futa jello Filane, who had become wander- ing herdsmen in the districts, and whose language they adopted. An Arab, Fodio, and his heirs became chiefs over them. One of his descendants, Alhajji Umoru, made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and on his return stopped at Fez, and then at Sokoto, where he spent seven years, and where Bello, Sarkin Musulmi, gave him his daughter in marriage. On Bello's death (1837) ne went to a pagan district, Mallawa, and assisted by the three Chiefs of the countries of Futa jello, Futa toro and Futa bundu, waged a jihad. In virtue of a flag he had received from the Sultan of Fez, he was appointed head of the Fulani Empire, composed of the above-mentioned States, and took the title of Sarkin Tejani. His conquests extended in the west from Kayes on the Senegal to Aribinta in the east. He was succeeded on his death by his son, who established sway over Timbuktu. About 1894, however, the French drove him from the country, and he retreated to Sokoto. He was given Zamfara, but died shortly afterwards. His younger brother stopped a while near Messau, but threw in his fortunes with the Sarkin Musulmi in opposition to the British and followed him to Burmi, where he was captured and his followers scattered. Amadu Madaniyo, son of Amadu of Zamfara, was appointed Sarkin Tejani by the British, and has settled at the town of Dakkayawa under the Emir of Hadejia. The French invited him to become chief of the old Tejani Kingdom of Segu, but he declined. He is surrounded by some nineteen families only. A somewhat larger number remain in the...... 

TAURARINMU..... MARIGAYI INJINIYA IBRAHIM BAYI.

HADEJIA A YAU!

Jama'a barkanmu da wannan lokaci, da fatan kuna lafiya. Ga kadan daga Tarihin Rayuwar Marigayi Injiniya Ibrahim Bayi, wadda shima yana cikin Sahun mutanen da muka kirasu da suna........ "TAURARINMU"

An haifi Engineer Ibrahim Bayi a garin Hadejia Mahaifinsa shine Mallam Muhammadu Sarkin Yarin Hadejia, ya fara karatu a Makarantar Elementary ta Hadejia Wadda ake kira Abdulkadir Primary a yanzu a shekarar 1939 zuwa 1942. Sannan ya tafi makarantar Middle dake kano a shekarar 1942 zuwa 1945. Daga nan Ibrahim Bayi ya tafi makarantar Barewa College a shekara ta 1945 inda ya gama a shekarar 1948. Bayan ya dawo Hadejia ya tabawa N. A. Aiki na 'yan shekaru a ofishin Wakilin Sana'a sai ya koma Kaduna inda anan ne ya samu damar zuwa makarantar Brighton College of Technology wadda yanzu ake kiranta University of Sussex ta Brighton a shekarar 1958 zuwa 1962, Inda ya samu shaidar takardar Diploma in mechanical engineering.

Engineer Ibrahim Bayi yayi Ayyuka a wurare daban daban a fadin Nigeria, kuma ya zama Bubban Engineer a shekarar 1966. An zabe shi member na cibiyar Harkokin Masana'antu ta Birtaniya (MI MECH E.) Yayi aiki a Kamfanin Harkokin tsaro a shekarar 1968, inda ya zama Janar Manaja a Shekarar 1972. A shekarar 1976 zuwa 1980 ya zama shugaban hukumar bada ruwan sha ta jihar Kano (WRECA). Wannan Bawan Allah ya samarwa mutane Ayyuka daban daban, sannan ta dalilinsa Hadejia ta samu ma'aikatun Gwamnatin Tarayya kamar su Nepa, Nitel, Post Office da sauransu. 

Engineer Ibrahim Bayi ya samu lambar girma ta hannun gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu a shekarar 1982, yayi ritaya daga aiki a shekarar 1985. Sannan ya zama shugaban kwamatin gudanarwa a kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha dake Mubi tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1993. Ya zama member a hukumar Jigawa resources Development Agency 1995 zuwa 1999.  Engineer Ibrahim Bayi ya rasu a gidansa dake Kaduna Ranar Laraba 9/July/2014, ya rasu yana da shekara 84 a Duniya. Ya bar matar Aure da 'ya'ya goma (10) da Jikoki Ashirin da biyar (25). Allah ya gafarta masa da rahma tare da Iyayen mu.

AN RATAYAWA SARKIN KANO SUNUSI LAMBAR GIRMA TA K.B.E.

HADEJIA A YAU!

AN RATAYA WA SARKIN KANO SUNUSI LAMBAR GIRMA TA K.B.E.

A cikin watan Satumba/1958, bubban Razdan na Kano Sir. Gawain Bell ya ratayawa Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Sunusi lambar Girma ta K.B.E. anyi gagarumin Hwan Daba inda aka kewaya gari daga nan aka nufo Ƙofar Fada inda anan ne aka ratayawa Sarki wannan lamba. Mutanen da sukayi kallon Dabar sun kwatanta ta da Dabar da aka yiwa Sarauniya. Sarakunan Ƙasar nan da yawa da manyan Ma'aikatan Gwamnati ne suka halarci wannan taro, a cikinsu harda Firimiyan Jihar Arewa Sir. Ahmadu Bello da Ministocinsa, har ma da Mukaddashin firayim Minista Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa.

Kimanin mutane Dubu Talatin (30,000) ne suka halarci taron shagalin Baiwa Sarki Sunusi wannan lambar Girma, ciki da wajen Jihar Arewa, abin sha'awa Sarkin Musulmi Sir. Abubakar da ya halarci taron ance rabonsa da Kano shekara 16 kenan. Firayim Minista bai samu zuwa ba amma Muhammadu Ribadu ya wakilce shi. Cikin manyan Baƙi harda Chif Jojin Sudan wadda Gwamnatin Arewa ta gayyato domin binciken Al'amuran Shari'ah a wannan Jiha, da kuma Wakilin Amurka a Nijeriya. Bayan an kimtsa duk manyan Baƙi sun zauna a Cikin Ƙwatattun Rumfuna sai Gwamnan Arewa ya nufo Ƙofar Mata inda aka je aka taryoshi akan Dawaki, Sarkin Kano da Hakimai da mahaya Dawaki duk aka tafi taryen Gwamna. Bayan sun gaisa da Sarki shima Gwamna sai ya hau Doki aka nufi ƙofar Kudu inda ake Shagalin bikin, ‘yan Doka masu Badujala ne suka share musu hanya suna tafe suna kiɗa da busa, Gwamna na tafe tare da Muƙaddashin Razdan na Kano Mr. melinctock. Sarki kuma na biye dasu da Dogarai da ‘yan Sulke da ‘yan Kwalkwali har zuwa ƙofar Kudu. 

Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar tare da Sarkin Gwandu sune suka kai Sarki Sunusi Rumfar da za’a rataya masa Lambar Girman, daga nan sai Razdan ya miƙe ya karanta saƙon Sarauniya na bayar da Lambar, sannan sai Gwamna ya miƙe ya Ratayawa Sarkin Kano Sunusi lambar, sai wuri ya kaure da Tafi da shewa da kiɗe kiɗe da Bushe bushe don murna.

WANNAN DARAJA TA KOWA CE.

Sarkin Kano Sunusi ya miƙe yayi jawabi inda ya fara da godewa Allah (swa), sannan yace “Ina godiya ga Allah wadda da ikonsa ne wannan abu ya kasance a rana irin ta yau, sannan ina ƙara godiya ga Mai Martaba Sarauniya saboda wannan Daraja da ta bani, tare da shaidar Amincewa a rataya min a gaban Jama’a. Wannan Daraja ta shafi kowa ba ƙasar Kano kawai ba, harda duk Jihar Arewa. Na tabbatar da wannan shine lokaci na biyu da aka bada irin wannan Lambar girma a Jihar Arewa, mu duka munyi farin ciki da Alfahari a lokacin da Sarkin Ingila King George na 6 ya baiwa Sarkin Musulmi irin wannan lambar, to ina Alfahari da cewa nine na Biyu da aka baiwa wannan lamba, nayi Alƙawari zanyi matuƙar ƙoƙarin da zan iya in nuna na dace da wannan lamba da aka bani.

ZAMA MASU ZUMUNCI DA INGILA.

Da Sarkin Kano Sir. Muhammadu Sunusi ya Juyo wajen Maganar Samun Mulkin Kai sai yace, "Yau saura watanni goma sha takwas 18, muke zaton samun cikakken mulkin kai na Nijeriya. Mun lura da irin wahalce wahalcen dake gabanmu, amma duk lokacin da na hangi waɗannan wahalce wahalce nakan ji daɗi idan na tuna ƙasar nan zata zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suke haɗa kai da Ingila. Da taimakonsu da kuma Jagoransa, in Allah ya yarda ƙasarmu zatayi ta ci gaba da Arziƙi."

Bayan Sarkin Kano Sunusi ya gama Jawabi sai aka Sallami kowa, duka manyan Baƙi suka tafi masauƙi. Da daddare kuwa Jam'iyyar NPC ta shirya wata ƙasaitacciyar rawa a Randabu Hotel saboda murnar bayar da lamba girma ga Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Sunusi. Alhaji Mai-wada M.H.A. shine ya shugabanci bikin Rawar.

MADOGARA...
Gaskiya Ta fi Kobo
EAP/485-11-397

HADEJIA TOWN ASSESMENT REPORT BY H.N. BRICE SMITH, A.D.O. DECEMBER 1916.

HADEJIA A YAU!

   

1. No previous Assesment Report of Hadejia Town has been written, the only records available are those contained in Mr. A.C.G. Hastings General Assesment Repotr of the Hadejia Emirate compiledin March 1910.

2. The town is situated almost in the centre of the Emirate, and is surrounded by the Districts of Teffida Mabudee and Sarkin Dawaki.

3. The river Hadejiaa flowing east, lies as its nearest point a little more than a quarter of a mile from the south west gate. It begins to flow in the middle of June and continues until the end of November. During the rest of the year water is obtainable from pools or by digging in the river bed.

4. There are in addition 83 wells in the town itself, There is therefore an ample water supply available all the year round.

5. The Town had three Walls:-

(1) Dating from pre Fulani times, had four gates. It can be traced at the present  day by certain pits, Maikilabo on the west near the present Alkali's house, Attefi on the south near Gidan Sarkin Busa, and Dellah on the east near the house of the present Galladima. It was about one mile in circumference.

(2) Built by the fulani Sarki Sambo of Hadejia is difficult to trace except on the east where it follows approximately the eastern limit of houses, and on the west where it passes a "Chediya" tree east of the present market. it had five gates. Its perimeter was 2 miles 170 yards approximately. 

(3) Also built by Sarki Sambo is the present wall but when first built it did not extend on the east side of the town beyond the previous wall. the Habe settlement of Fantai remained outside it on the east. This wall was finally extended to its present size by Sarki Haruna, father of Sarki Muhammadu, who fell in the fighting with the Administration in 1906.

Haruna enclosed a large open space on the east to harbour fugitive villagers in case of war. There are five (5) gates. Its perimeter is now 4 miles 135 yards.

(4) The wall was divided up into section, for the repair of which certain villagers used to be responsible. The various gates are still in care of certain of the Sarakuna.

1. The Kofar Arewa.............. Sarkin Arewa

2. Kofar Gabas.................... Madawaki

3. Kofar Kudu.................... Teffida

4. Kofar Kogi................... Galadima

5.  Kofar Yamma.............. Sarkin Dawaki.

(5) It has been necessary frequently in the past to build temporary walls outside on the South side to prevent flood water from entering the town.

(6) For Three (3) months during the Bazara season of the present year 1916 a mirage (Hausa 'Kauwalwarniya') was visible on the open space between the eastern side of the town and the wall. A similar phenomenon was last seen 32 years ago when the Shehu of Bornu capture the town of Kadera in Adiyani District or Chiroma District. It was expected to portend some exceptional event and was followed by one of the heaviest rain falls within memory.

(7) The town is almost entirely composed of flat roof-ed mud houses and is well kept and clean.

(8) The market is situated inside the town neaar the west gate. The booth are of mud with a few grass (Rumfuna). It is held daily, but the Chief market day is Sunday. The slaughter ground has recently been removed from the market to a spot on the west side, outside the town walls.

(9) Sanitation is on the whole good, the town is noticably free from odours.

(10) Hadejia possesses no Historical document, Authentic History dates only from the founding of the Fulani dynasty early in the 19th Century. It has been recorded in Captain J.M. Fremanle's History of Katagum and in Mr. A.C.G. Hasting's assesment report on Hadejia Emirate written in 1910.

(11) Additional information has been obtained for this report from the following authorities;-

(a) The Galadiman Hadejia-- Usuman

(b) Moman Jekada (one of the Emir Abdulkadir's retinue)

(c) An aged man named Mallam, one of the few surviving descendants of the Habes of pre-fulani times.

The town was founded by a hunter named HADE, a Barebari from Machina (Bornu). Hadejia wandered south hunting, and finding a favourable hunting ground, hung up his quiver on certain 'Tsamiya' tree under which he was resting. His Dog wandered off and his master noticed on its return that it had found water to quench its thirst. He followed the dog which led him to a river. He thereupon returned to Machina and reported to his family that he had found a suitable place for a house, and subsequently  returned with them to the spot. This place proved to be in the country of Auyo, a flourishing Habe town at the time which had been founded about 1,400 A.D. He took to wife a lame woman of the Auyokawa, who lived in a small hamlet nearby. A town sprang up and he was made first Sarki of Hadejia. He was followed by a series of 32 Habe Chiefs, of whom only the names of three are known today, i.e. BAUDE, MUSA And ABUBAKAR. During the reign of Abubakar of Hadejia and Jibrin of Auyo, the fulani arrived from Gobir (via Massina) seeking grazing grounds..................Hadejia A yau.         continued.....