BUKHARI OF HADEJIA... (By Henry Barth)

HADEJIA A YAU!

Travel and discovery in North and central  Africa. By Henry  Barth.......... 

March 18.] BENZARI— BUKHARI OF HADEJA. 323 

Any protection in the neighbourhood of some villages. After we had passed the empty market-place of the little walled town Kabbori, the surface of the ground had a very peculiar look, being covered entirely with colocynths, which were just in maturity. About a mile and a half further on we took up our quarters in Benzari, a town belonging to the province of Mashena, or Maseena, and were well received and hospitably treated by the Ghaladima. The town is separated into two parts by a spacious opening, wherein is the principal well which supplies almost the whole population, but its depth is considerable, being more than twenty fathoms. Here we filled our water-skin the next morning before we set out. 

Tuesday ', March 18. — Scarcely had we left Benzari behind us when my ears were struck by the distant sound of drums and singing, and I learnt on inquiry that it was Bukhari, or, as the Bornu people call him, Buwari, the deposed governor of Hadeja and the brother of Ahmedu, the present ruler of that town. Bokhari's name was then new, not only to me, but even to the natives of the neighbouring provinces. He had been governor of Hadeja, but being a clever and restless man he, or rather his jealous brother,  excited the suspicion of his liege lord 'Aliyu, the ruler of Sokoto, who had deposed him and given the govern-ment to his brother Ahmedu,where upon Bokhari had nothing else to do but to throw himself upon the hospitality and protection of the Bornu people, who received him with open arms, the governor of Mashena, with the sanction of his liege lord the sheikh of Bornu, assigning to him a neighbouring place, Yerimari, for his residence.

This is an incident of very frequent occurrence in these loosely connected empires; but it is particularly so with the Fulbe, among whom one brother often cherishes the most inveterate hatred against another. Exactly the same thing we have seen already in Katsena. Bokhari having remained some time quietly in this place, strengthening his party and assisted underhand with arms and men by the vizier of Bornu, had just now set out to try his fortune against his brother, and was beating the drums in order to collect as many people as possible. Predatory incursions are nothing new in these quarters, where several  provinces and entirely distinct empires have a common frontier; but this, as the event proved, was rather a memorable campaign fortfie whole of this part of Negroland, and was to become "the beginning of sorrows" for all the country around. For Bokhari having taken the strongtrong town of Hadeja, and killed his brother, was not only able to defend himself in his new position, vanquishing all the armies sent against him, and amongst them the whole military force of the empire of Sokoto, which was led on by the vizier in person, 'Abdu the son of Gedado, Clapperton's old friend, but spread terror and devastation to thevery gates of Kano. Indeed, on my second journey through these regions, I shall have the sad duty of describing the state of misery into which districts, which on my former visit I had found flourishing and populous, had been reduced by this warlike chieftain, who instead of founding a strong kingdom and showing himself a great prince, chose rather, like most of his countrymen, to  his power on the destruction. eir 'of 

324. TRAVELS OF AFRICA. [185]  

and devastation of the country around him, and to make himsetf a slave- dealer on a grand scale. Tens of thousands of unfortunate people, pagans as well as Mohammedans, unprotected in their wellbeing by their lazy and effeminate rulers, have from the hands of Bokhari passed into those of the slave-dealer, and have been carried away from their native home into distant regions. Kept in alarm by the drumming, and making some not very tranquilling reflections on the weakness of our little band, which consisted three men and a boy, in the turbulent state of the country through which we were passing, we continued silently on, while the character of the landscape had nothing peculiarly adapted to cheer the mind. 

Cultivation beginning to cease, nothing was to be seen but an immense level tract of country covered with the monotonous Asclepias gigantea with only a single poor Balanites now and then. But the scene became more animated as we approached Chifowa, (Shafowa) a considerable town sur-rounded by a low earthen wall, which I was greatly astonished to hear belonged still to the territory of Gummel, and was also assigned to Bokhari during his exile. The boundary between the provinces must run here in a very waving line. 

All that I observed here testified that the Hausa population still greatly  predominated; and as we had to turn close round the place on the north side, where the ground rose, we had a fine view over the whole interior of the town. It presented a very animated spectacle; and a large number of horsemen were assembled here, evidently in connection with the enterprise of Bokhari, while men and women were busy carrying water into the town from a considerable distance. Of  cultivation, however, very few traces appeared ; but a good many cattle and sheep, and even some camels, were seen grazing about. In Kase-Itiwa also, the next town, we were complimented with the usual Hausa salute. Having then passed through a monotonous tract of country covered with tall reed-grass and with the Asclepias, we reached the town of Yelkazl at half-past nine o'clock in the morning. Here the governor of the province of Mashena, who generally has his residence in the town of the same name, was staying at present, apparently on account of the expedition of Bokhari, which he was assisting under-hand ; and I accordingly had to pay him my compliments, as my horseman, who was a servant of Dan-Tanoma, could not well conduct me any further. We therefore entered the town by the north gate, and found people very busy repairing the fortification, consisting of two walls and three ditches of considerable depth, two of which ran outside round the outer wall, while the third was enclosed between the two walls. 

Having presented ourselves at the residence of the governor, which was situated in the middle of the town, and consisted altogether of reed-work, we obtained good quarters, with a spacious and cool shed, which was the only thing we wanted ; for being anxious not to lose any more time, I had resolved to start again in the afternoon. In order, therefore, to obtain a guide as soon as possible, I went to pay my compliments to the governor, whose name was Mohammed. After a little delay.

March 1 8.] THE  GOVERNOR OF MASHENA.—TAGANAMA. 32

TARIHIN ƊAN HAUSA (Sir Hanns Vischer)

HADEJIA A YAU!

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An haifi Ɗan Hausa a cikin shekarar 1876, bai fara aiki a ko ina ba sai a Nigeria a cikin shekarar 1903. ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin Razdan, kuma sunansa shine Sir. Hanns Vischer, ya fara zuwa Ƙasar nan akan aikin Mishan ne. ya fara zuwa ƙasar nan ne tare da Dr. W.R.  Miller da Sarkin Hausa Reb. G.P. Bargery, farkon samun aikinsa an ajiyeshi a waɗansu wurare harma ya taɓa zama a Barno. yana can Barno ne yayi tafiya da Ayarin Raƙuma daga Tarabulus zuwa Barno ta hanyar Marzuk. har ya rubuta littafi akan tafiyarsa, wadda ya sakawa suna ƙetarar Sahara. yayi wannan tafiya tare da wani yaronsa da ake ƙira Sa'id. shi Sa'id ya daɗe yana Masinja sai a shekarar 1945 ya rasu, duk waɗanda sukayi makaranta a Nasarawa ta kano sun sanshi.

Cikin shekarar 1908, Ɗan Hausa ya zama gwamnan makaranta har yaje ƙasar Sudan don ya koyo yadda za'a shirya Al'amarin Ilmi anan. A shekarar 1910 ya kafa makarantar Turawa a Nasarawa dake Kano, yara da samarin da aka buɗe makarantar dasu bayan shekara uku kuma sai su fita suje suyi koyarwa a makarantu na ƙasashensu, kamar su Katsina, Sokoto, Barno, Bidda da Zariya. Wannan makaranta ta Ɗan Hausa tana nan a kusa da ofishin Razdan na Kano kuma har yanzu wannan gida yana nan. Cikin shekarar 1915 ya shiga aikin soja har ya zama laftanal aka gama shi da masu kula da shirin labaran yaƙi, ana nan har ya zama kyaftin har dai ya kai matsayin Manjo. Cikin watan Yuli 1917 Ɗan Hausa ya koma Ingila sakamakon Jinya da ta dameshi, amma dukda haka bayan ya koma Ingila yaci gaba da Taimakon ƙasar nan ta hanyar Ilmi. 

Ɗan Hausa yakan riƙa bada labarin zamansa a ƙasar nan har yakan riƙa bada labarin wani Masinjan Razdan na ƙasar nan Mr. George Tomlinson, lokacin da Masinjan zai je Hajji sai da ya isa Bahar Muhid aka ce ya makara, da zai koma gida ya kewayo ya biyo ta Bahar Rum. har ya isa Birnin Southampton inda Ɗan Hausa yake aiki. anan ya zauna a tashar Jirgin Ruwa tare da sauran fasinja, amma da 'yan Gadin sukaga irin siffarsa sai suka ƙi yarda dashi suka kai shi wurin Ɗan Hausa. Shi da ganin mutumin ya san Bahaushe ne amma Ɗan Hausa bai nuna masa ya iya Hausa ba, sai ya faɗa shi da tambaya da turanci, Bahaushen nan tsoro ya kama shi, amma da yaji Ɗan Hausa ya masa magana da Hausa sai yayi ta kuka don murna. ya sa aka bashi masauƙi mai kyau kuma ya gamashi da Takarda cewa mutumin nan abokin aikinsa ne na Africa. kaga bai taɓa sanin mutumin ba amma saboda yana ƙaunar mutanen  Africa yayi masa wannan Darajar. Cikin 1917 aka kai Ɗan Hausa ofis ɗin wakilin Ingila dake Spain ya zauna acan har aka gama yaƙi.

A shekarar 1923 ya zama sakataren wata jam'iyya mai lura da yadda za'a shirya zancen ilmi a ƙasashen da suke ƙarƙashin mulkin Ingila, kafin ya huta a wannan aiki ne ya samu bubbar lambar Girma ya zama ''Knight'' yana cikin waɗanda suka kafa jam'iyya mai lura da zancen harsuna na Africa watau ''Institute of African Languages and cultures''

Mallam Bello Kagara yace.... 

Haƙiƙa ya cancanci ace dashi Ɗan Hausa, don dabarar sa da yayi nufin bude makarantu anan Nijeriya ta Arewa sai yaje Sakkwato a hankali ya fara da can ya ɗauko ta daga tushe. Bayan haka kuma yaga babu inda ya kamata ya kafa makarantar sai tsakiyar jama'a watau Birnin Kano, sai yaje Nasarawa gabas da kano ya bude ta". Da fari bai ɗauki kowa ba sai 'ya'yan sarakuna, da Hakimai, da Alkalai, da shaihunnan maluma. 

Akwai manyan Sarakuna daga cikin Almajiran sa, kamar sarkin Gwandu da Sarkin Zazzau, da Lamidon Adamawa Mustapha da Sarkin Yawuri, Hakimai kuwa Allah yayi yawa dasu! Sunan Ɗan Hausa har abada bashi ɓata anan ƙasar musamman a ƙasar Kano.  

Malam Bello Kagara yace... "babu abinda yake ban mamaki kamar zamanmu dashi a Nasarawa, ga Almajiran sa cikin Aji da Amawali da Alkyabbu, dasu da malamai sun zama bubba da hula yaro da hula, ga Dawakai da zagage a ƙofar makaranta duk na Almajiran sa ne suna jira a tashi su hau. Amma duk da haka Ɗan Hausa ya ƙyale mu, kowannen mu in safiya tayi zamuyi shara tun daga ciki har waje, ga Barorinmu na kallo basu da ikon su karbe mu. Mu ratsa Kano har Dala mu ɗauko fid da sartse a kai, alhali kuwa ga Dawaki da zagage da Alkyabbu sun riƙe a ƙofar makaranta".

A cikin 1913, yaga malamai sun samu sai ya fara bude makarantu a manyan Alƙaryu don a watsa Ilmi a ko ina, dubi yanzu yadda abu ya tabbata. Amma kam kada ka tona wahalar da Turawan farko suka sha kafin Ilmin Boko ya tabbata..... 

MADOGARA.... 

Gaskiya tafi kobo ta 175.

Sir. Hanns Wikipedia 

Eap.bl.uk. 

SARKIN MUSULMI SIR. ABUBAKAR III.

HADEJIA A YAU!

SARKIN MUSULMI ABUBAKAR. 

Cikin 1902, ana kamar badi Turawa zasu zo Sokoto anka haifeni a wani gari wai shi Dange. Tun ina dan shekara Bakwai (7) Marigayi Sarkin Musulmi Hassan ya riƙe ni, da na dan yi wayo na isa fara karatu, da yake Sarkin Musulmi Malami ne bai kai ni kowace makaranta ba, sai ya tsareni nan gaba nai shina koya min karatu. Shina kuma kula dani da hana ni yawan Shedana irin ta yara. 

Lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi Hassan ke Mallamin Uban Kasar Dange (Hakimin Dange),  da na fara ido wajen Karatu sai nayi ta taimako nai wajen Aikinga. Muna nan haka cikin Shekarar 1923, Sarkin Musulmi Hassan ya sami Sarautar Sarkin Bauran Dange. Da ya sami wannan Sarautar ni kuma sai ya maishe ni matsayi nai na zama ni am Mallami nai. (Malamin Hakimi). 

Muna nan haka har cikin shekarar 1931, Allah ya nufa Sarkin Musulmi Hassan ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. Da anka natsa sai ya dauko ni daga Dange ya maida ni Sokoto ya nada ni Sardauna, na zama daya daga cikin mataimaka nai ga harkokin kasa.  A cikin Birni kuma ya sa in rinka kula da dukkan wurare na Aiki, kamar su Gidan Yari,  Gidan Ayyuka, likitocin Shanu, Gandun Daji, Dagarawa da dai Sauransu. A wannan lokacin har Kaduna nazo koyon Aikin 'yan Doka dan in samu sanin hanyar taimakonsu. In ko na fita Rangadi in ka jini a wajen wanga Uban kasa yau gobe sai ka jini a wajen wancan, musamman lokacin Haraji ko Jangali. Wani lokaci nakanyi wata biyar ko shida ban leko cikin Birni ba. 

Muna nan haka sai anka yi mani  Uban Kasar Talatar Mafara, nayi watanni hudu (4) ina wagga Sarauta, sai Allah ya yiwa Sarkin Musulmi Hassan rasuwa cikin Shekarar 1938, Allah shi gafarta masa Amin. Bayan rasuwa tai ni kuma Allah ya kawo ni wagga Matsayi. Ina fatan Ubangiji Allah shi taya ni rikawa. 

Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar shine dan Usman,  Usman dan Sarkin Musulmi Mu'azu (wato uban Marigayi Sarkin Musulmi Hassan) Sarkin Musulmi Mu'azu dan Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello, Sarkin Musulmi Bello dan Shaihu Usman Dan Hodiyo. Allah shi gafarta musu baki daya Amin. 

Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar bai shiga makarantar Turawa ba amma ya koyi Rubutu da Karatu irin nasu. Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar  shine Sarkin da yafi kowa dadewa a Sarautar Sarkin Musulmi, domin ya shekara Hamsin yana kan Halifar Shehu  Usman Dan Hodiyo. Ya fara Sarauta tun lokacin Turawa,  An nada shi ranar 17/yuni/1938, Razdan na Sokoto  Commander J. Carrow shine ya nada shi. Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar yayi Aiki da Gwamnatoci  Takwas (8), a Nigeria bayan samun 'yancin  Kai.  Bayan zamansa Sarkin Musulmi shine ya Baiwa Ahmadu Bello Sarautarsa ta Sardauna a cikin shekarar 1938. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 85 a Duniya,  ya rasu a cikin shekarar 1988. Allah ya Gafarta masa da rahma tare da Al' ummar Annabi baki daya. 

Madogara....... 

1. Sultan Abubakar lll, Littafin Jean Boyd da Hamzat M. Maishanu.
2. Sultan Muhd. Maccido  in the shadow of his Ancestors,  Littafin Hassana Isma'ila Bichi.
3. Gaskiya ta fi Kobo ta Hudu (4) 1939.

TARIHIN GARIN KANO.....

               TARIHIN GARIN KANO….

Tarihin Birnin kano yana da tsawo kwarai yana nan kuwa a Rubuce, Munji ance wani mai suna Bagauda ne ya fara Sarautar Kano, kuma ance jikan Bayajidda ne wadda ya kashe Macijiyar Daura. Tun daga zamanin Bagauda har karshen zamanin da Habe suka yi Sarauta anyi sarakuna Arba’in da takwas (48) a kano.

FARKON SHIGOWAR MUSULUNCI…

Ganuwar Kano ta farko an gina ta wajen shekara fiye da Daari takwas da tamanin (880) da suka wuce, amma a lokacin Birnin bashi da girma kamar yanzu, amma ban samu labarin sarakunan lokacin ba sai dai ance a lokacin Maguzawa ne. sai wajen tsakanin 1300 da 1400, wajen shekara dari bakwai da suka wuce, a zamanin wani Sarki da ake kira Yaji, a lokacin ne Addinin musulunci ya shigo kano. Watakila Fulani ne suka shigo dashi, nan da nan mutanen kano suka karbi Addinin musulunci hannu biyu-biyu suka shiga gina masallatai wannan shi yasa mutanen kano suka fara yaki da mutanen da suke kusa dasu da wasu kasashe na Hausa, suka shiga kai hari ga mutanen da suke kudu dasu wato mutanen Bakin Kwara har Biniwai.

      Daga baya sai mutanen da kano taci da yaki suka ture mata Ganuwar suka kuma kore mutanenta, ganin haka sai Ban gaskiyarsu ga Addinin musulunci yayi sanyi suka koma addinin maguzancinsu. Daga nan suka shiga yaki da Zazzau, wani lokaci suyi Nasara wani lokaci ayi Nasara a kansu. A wajen  shekarar 1420, watau shekarar 527 da suka wuce, a wannan lokacin ne  mutanen kano suka fara gamuwa da mutanen Barno, A lokacin ne kuma Rakuma suka fara shigowa kasar Hausa. Sukazo da Ilmi da Littatafai da suka samo daga Timbuktu, daga nan ne hanyar ci gaba ta bude a kasar Hausa musamman Kano.

ADDININ MUSULUNCI YA ZAUNA.

Muhammadu Rumfa yana daya daga cikin shahararrun sarakunan kano, yayi Sarauta tsakanin 1463 zuwa 1493, A zamaninsa ne malamai sukazo daga kasar Masar suka gyara Addinin musulunci a Kano. Muhammadu Rumfa ya ginawa kansa Fada ya kuma gina sabuwar Ganuwa mai kofofi Bakwai (7), a lokacin Birnin ya cika kwarai da jama’a har wasu suna gina gidaje a bayan Ganuwa. Kano kuma sai ta juya yake yake da Katsina, har akwai wani yaki da suka shekara goma sha daya suna bugawa, daga baya Kano taci Nasara. Wani shahararren Sarkin Kano kuma shine Muhammadu kisoki a farkon sarautarsa abin bai yiwa kanawa kyau ba, don wadansu mutanen wajen Timbuktu sun kawowa kasar hari kuma sukaci birnin, amma daga baya kano ta murmure harma suka fara yake yake da Barno. Wannan yaki anyi ta bugashi har kusan zuwan Turawa, mutanen Jukun kuma sun kawowa kano hari har sun cisu, suka saka musu Haraji suna biya amma Jukunawa basu dade ba.

          Daga su fa sai Barno ta lakume kano, duk wadda yasan Birnin kano sosai yasan  gidan da ake kira Gidan Shettima. Nan ne gidan Razdan na cikin Birni, to nan ne gidan da Wakilin Shaihun Barno ke zaune a kano a lokacinda kano ke karkashin Barno.

        FULANI SUN KARBE MULKI…….

Cikin shekarar 1806, watau wajen shekara 216 kenan sai Tawayen Fulani ya kai kano. Anan wani shugaban Fulani da ake kira Dan Yahya ya buga da sarkin kano a wani wuri mil 25 daga Arewacin Birnin kano, yaci Nasara a kansa. Amma dukda haka hargitsi bai kwanta ba. Gidajen Sarauta biyar na Fulani kowa ya kawo gwaninsa yace shi za’a yiwa Sarautar kano. Da aka rasa tayi sai aka kai maganar gaban Shaihu Usman Danfodiyo, shikuwa yaki zaben kowa a cikinsu. Sai ya tambayesu ko wanene yafi kowa Ilmi a kano? Sai suka ce masa wani ne da ake kiransa Sulaimanu, ba ma wadda ya san shi sosai, Da jin haka sai Shaihu Usmanu yayi masa Sarautar kano.

             ZUWAN TURAWA…..

Duk wadda ya karanta Tarihin Nigeria ta Arewa da yadda ta koma hannun Turawa, yaji labarin yadda Magajin Kafi ya kashe Razdan din da ake kira da suna Moloney, da yaga abinda yayi lalle zai janyo bubban Tashin hankali sai ya gudu yaje gaban Sarkinsa Sarkin Zazzau, kunsan da can kasar na cikin kasar Zazzau ne. a zamanin Gwamna Lugga ne akayi abin kafin ya zama Gwamna, sai Lugga yace Sarkin Zazzau ya bada Magajin Kafi ayi masa Shari’ah, amma Sarki yaki. Suka taru da Magajin Kafi suka gudu kano. Sai Gwamna Lugga da Sojojinsa suka bi zuwa kano, kano tace babu wata maganar a bada wadannan mutane sai dai ayi yaki. Gashi ma tana samun riba wajen sayar da Bayi, Turawa suna neman hanawa. Bugun farko anyi shi a cikin 1903 a Bebeji ta kasar kano, Turawa suka make Bebeji suka wuce zuwa Kano. Dama Birni a shirye yake an kulle duk kofofi, Dakaru kuma suna shirye, Amma Sarki da Magajin Kafi sun gudu sun nufi Sakkwato. Turawa suka daidaici  Ganuwa suka buga mata Igwa sai ta Rushe, suka shiga Birni. Da shigarsu sai aka waste fada yak are kowa ya kama gabansa. Kashegari kowa na ta harkarsa kamar ma babu abinda ya faru, in mutum yaje kasuwa sai ya iske mutane suna ta saye da sayarwarsu, babu abinda ya damesu. Amma nan da nan Turawa suka rufe kasuwar sayar da Bayi suka bude Kurkuku aka fidda wadanda suke ciki. Daga nan fa kano ta shiga sabuwar hanya ta ci gaba a cikin mulkin Turawa.

MADOGARA....
Razdan  C.R Niven
Muhammadan Emirate.
Assessment report by colonial Administration.